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Dietary Potassium and Magnesium Intake with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Rural China: the Henan Rural Cohort Study

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Abstract

Previous studies exploring the relationship between dietary potassium and magnesium intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have yielded inconsistent results and the lack evidence from rural China. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary potassium and magnesium intake and the risk of T2DM in rural China. Data was collected from the Henan Rural Cohort Study in 2017. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire assessed dietary potassium and magnesium intake. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the effect of dietary potassium, magnesium and the potassium-magnesium ratio on the risk of T2DM. A total of 38384 individuals were included in the study, and 3616 participants developed T2DM. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the OR (95% CI) of the highest versus dietary potassium and magnesium and potassium-magnesium ratio intakes were 0.67 (0.59, 0.75), 0.76 (0.67, 0.88), and 0.57 (0.50, 0.66), respectively, compared to the subjects with the lowest quartile of intakes. In addition, gender partially influences the relationship between dietary magnesium and T2DM prevalence (P-interaction = 0.042). The group with the highest dietary potassium and dietary magnesium intake had the lowest risk of T2DM, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.63 (0.51-0.77). Dietary potassium and magnesium intake are important modifiable risk factors for T2DM in rural China. Dietary potassium intake > 1.8g/day, dietary magnesium intake > 358.6mg/day and < 414.7mg/day and potassium-magnesium ratio >5.1 should be encouraged to prevent better and manage T2DM.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank all of the participants, coordinators, and administrators for their support and help during the research.

Funding

This study was supported by the Scientific Research Funding Program of Henan Province for overseas students.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China

    Jia Li, Chongjian Wang, Zhenxing Mao, Tianyu Yang, Yan Li, Wenguo Xing, Zhuoyang Li, Jiaoyan Zhao & Linlin Li

  2. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

    Yuqian Li

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  1. Jia Li
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Contributions

J. L. and L. L. designed research. J. L., L. L., Y. L., C. W., Z. M., T. Y., Y. L., and W. X. conducted research. J. L. and L. L. analyzed data and wrote the paper. L. L., Z. L., and J. Z. contributed to the interpretation of results and critically reviewed and revised the manuscript. L. L. had primary responsibility for final content. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Linlin Li.

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Ethics approval was obtained from the “Zhengzhou University Life Science Ethics Committee,” and written informed consent was obtained for all participants. Ethic approval code: [2015] MEC (S128).

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Li, J., Li, Y., Wang, C. et al. Dietary Potassium and Magnesium Intake with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Rural China: the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Biol Trace Elem Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03993-6

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