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Lower Dietary Magnesium Is Associated with a Higher Hemoglobin Glycation Index in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

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Abstract

The data for the effect of dietary magnesium (Mg) on hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is limited. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationship between dietary Mg and HGI in the general population. Our research used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001 to 2002. The dietary intake of Mg was assessed by two 24-h dietary recalls. The predicted HbA1c was calculated based on fasting plasma glucose. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the relationship between dietary Mg intake and HGI. We found a significant inverse association between dietary Mg intake and HGI (β =  − 0.00016, 95%CI: − 0.0003, − 0.00003, P = 0.019). Dose–response analyses revealed that HGI decreased with increasing intakes of Mg when reached the point above 412 mg/day. There was a linear dose–response relationship between dietary Mg intake and HGI in diabetic subjects, and there was an L-shape dose–response relationship in non-diabetic individuals. Increasing the intake of Mg might help lower the risk associated with high HGI. Further prospective studies are requested before dietary recommendations.

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Data Availability

The datasets can be found in online repositories (https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/). This study was available from corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to all individuals who collected data and making the NHANES datasets available on the website.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Award: 82000743).

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Author notes

  1. Juan Chen, Song Lin and Xingzhou Wang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, 223300, Jiangsu, China

    Juan Chen, Xingzhou Wang & Pengxia Gao

  2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, 223300, Jiangsu, China

    Song Lin

  3. Department of Mathematics, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

    Xiwei Wang

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Contributions

C.J, W.X.Z, and G.P.X contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by L.S and X.X.W. The first draft of the manuscript was written by C.J and L.S, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Juan Chen or Pengxia Gao.

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Ethics Approval

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the United States National Center for Health Statistics.

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Written informed consent was obtained from the parents.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Chen, J., Lin, S., Wang, X. et al. Lower Dietary Magnesium Is Associated with a Higher Hemoglobin Glycation Index in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 878–884 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03727-8

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