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Alternations of Fertility Parameters by Graded Dose of Inorganic Arsenic in Adult Male White Pekin Ducks

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Abstract

A significant health issue, reproductive toxicity is mostly linked to exposure to various environmental heavy metals. A pervasive toxin that occurs naturally in the environment is arsenic (As). This research was done to determine the effects of various doses of inorganic As supplements on the reproductive organs of adult male white Pekin ducks. A total of 240 numbers of 14-days-old male white Pekin ducks were weighed and randomly assigned into 4 experimental groups with six replicates (10 ducklings in each replicate). The experimental groups were as follows: (T-1) basal diet along with normal drinking water (control group); (T-2 to T-4) basal diet along with As in the form of sodium-meta-arsenite at 7, 14, and 28 ppm of drinking water respectively. The results showed reduction in body weight and testicular weight, disruption of spermatogenesis, reduction in follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), leutinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels and histopathological alterations as compared to control. Additionally, there was not only a significant decrease in various antioxidant parameters in testis tissue, like catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), but also a significant increase in oxidative parameters of testis like lipid peroxidation (LPO), myloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), and super oxide anion radical (O2−) in As-treated groups, in comparison with T-1. A significantly higher level of As content in testis was observed in all the 3 As-treated groups, with highest level recorded in T-4 birds. Besides that, there was upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), heat shock proteins (Hsps) and pro-inflammatory cytokines like interlukin (IL) series, i.e., IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) levels, whereas anti-inflammatory parameters like IL-4 and IL-10 levels showed downregulation in testis of As-treated groups. Together, these findings provide deeper understandings of the roles played by oxidative stress, NF-κB and Hsps in the progression of testicular injury, which may help to explain how the As induced male sterility, in ducks, due to exposure.

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Acknowledgements

The authors all wish to acknowledge the Directors of Central Avian Research Institute (Bhubaneswar, India) and Directorate on Poultry Research, Hyderabad (India), for providing the funding and all logistics, besides ensuring progress of scientific experiments smoothly. We also acknowledge the College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology (Bhubaneswar, India), for experimental material assistance.

Funding

CARI & DPR together funded this experiment under project number P-1/2017/1-IAV/L34/6200.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research Regional Station Jokalundi, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India

    Dhirendra Kumar, Surya Kanta Mishra, Bijaya Kumar Swain, Prafulla Kumar Naik, Chandra Kant Beura & Rajalaxmi Behera

  2. Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India

    Santosh Kumar Panda & Geeta Rani Jena

  3. Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India

    Kamdev Sethy

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  1. Dhirendra Kumar
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Contributions

Dhirendra Kumar, Prafulla Kumar Naik, Bijaya Kumar Swain, and Suryakanta Mishra designed the experiment. Geeta Rani Jena and Santosh Kumar Panda provided helpful suggestions; Statiscal analysis of all data were completed by Kamdev Sethy and Rajalaxmi Behera. Experiment was conducted by Dhirendra Kumar, Prafulla Kumar Naik, Santosh Kumar Panda, Chandra Kant Beura and Geeta Rani Jena. The Manuscript was finally written and modified by Dhirendra kumar, Santosh Kumar Panda, and Suryakanta Mishra.

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Correspondence to Dhirendra Kumar.

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Kumar, D., Panda, S.K., Jena, G.R. et al. Alternations of Fertility Parameters by Graded Dose of Inorganic Arsenic in Adult Male White Pekin Ducks. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 5358–5367 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03580-9

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