Abstract
This study aimed to establish the distribution of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, in the muscle and liver of the spotted ratfish Hydrolagus colliei from the northern Gulf of California to establish the bioaccumulation background data in this species. The individuals (n = 110) were obtained by bycatch from the Gulf of California hake fisheries, and the metals and metalloid were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The element with the highest concentration in the muscle (15.19 ± 5.40 mg kg−1) and the liver (20.98 ± 10.30 mg kg−1) was As, followed by essential elements (Zn > Cu), and the lowest were the non-essential Pb (0.029 ± 0.014 and 0.048 ± 0.038 mg kg−1, muscle and liver, respectively) and Cd (0.022 ± 0.014 and 0.796 ± 0.495 mg kg−1, muscle and liver, respectively). The liver showed higher bioaccumulation than the muscle in all the studied elements. The sex was not a factor that influenced the bioaccumulation. The concentrations of As in the muscle did not exceed the maximum permissible limits of Mexican legislation, and < 50% of the samples exceed Cd and Pb limits of the Mexican, European Union, and WHO/FAO regulations. The differences found between the elements and tissues could be related to the different diets of the species, their migratory patterns, and their life conditions. Studies in the deep-sea water H. colliei are limited, and further investigations are needed regarding the feeding habits of H. colliei as well as the interactions of potentially toxic elements within the deep-sea water habitat.
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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on request.
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Acknowledgements
This research was funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, through their program Investigación Científica Básica 2016, project number 288665. Authors are grateful to the Environmental Defense Fund onboard observers program funded by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, World Wildlife Fund-Carlos Slim Foundation and Walton Family Foundation. Special thanks to H. Bojórquez-Leyva for assistance in analytical work and the observers who collected the samples.
Funding
This research was funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico, through their program Investigación Científica Básica 2016, project number 288665.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, methodology, and investigation were performed by Magdalena E Bergés-Tiznado and Víctor Manuel Tiznado-Salazar. Statistical analyses were performed by Víctor Manuel Tiznado-Salazar and Oscar G. García-Zamora. Conceptualization and validation were performed by Carolina Bojórquez-Sánchez, J. Fernando Márquez-Farías, Oscar G. Zamora-García, and Federico Páez-Osuna. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Víctor Manuel Tiznado-Salazar, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Tiznado-Salazar, V.M., Bojórquez-Sánchez, C., Zamora-García, O.G. et al. Bioaccumulation of Essential and Potentially Toxic Elements in the Muscle and Liver of the Spotted Ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei) From Deep-Sea Waters off the Northern Gulf of California. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 2536–2545 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03330-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03330-3