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Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using Sargassum wightii Extract and Its Impact on Serum Biochemical Profile and Growth Response of Etroplus suratensis Juveniles

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Abstract

The present study focuses on the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using plant extracts as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. Aqueous seaweed extracts with the addition of iron solution were mixed using a magnetic stirrer which resulted in a color change indicating the formation of iron nanoparticles. The iron nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using Sargassum wightii extract. The synthesized iron nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential techniques. The UV–Vis spectra showed a peak at 412 to 415 nm. Zeta potential revealed that the synthesized iron nanoparticles were negative and positive charges. FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of chemical bond and amide group likely to be responsible for the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles. The effect of nano-iron as a dietary iron source on the growth and serum biochemical profile of Etroplus suratensis fingerlings was evaluated. Iron nanoparticles were fed to E. suratensis fingerlings for 60 days with two levels 10 mg (T1) and 20 mg (T2) and a control group without iron nanoparticles. The highest WG% and SGR and lowest FCR were observed in the T2 group which is significantly different (p < 0.05) from other groups. The serum biochemical profile showed significantly increased activity on 20 mg/kg of nano-iron-supplemented diet. The findings of the present study concluded that supplementation of nano-iron at the 20 mg/kg level to the regular fish diet has a better impact not only on growth but also on the overall health of the fish.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank for the support provided by Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Tamil Nadu, India, to carry out the present study. The TNJFU merit Fellowship awarded to the first author to undertake the research as part of his Postgraduation research program is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are thankful to Mr. T. Sivaramakrishnan, Scientist, ICAR-CIBA, Chennai, for his guidance and support.

Funding

There is no potential funding for the experiment. However, the first author has been awarded TNJFU Merit Fellowship for successful completion of the research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Nagapattinam, OMR Campus, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, India

    Rakesh Nirmalkar, E. Suresh & Amit Ranjan

  2. Directorate of Incubation and Vocational Training in Aquaculture, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, ECR, Muttukadu, Chennai, India

    N. Felix & Mir Ishfaq Nazir

  3. PMFGR Centre, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Govt. of India, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India

    A. Kathirvelpandian

Authors
  1. Rakesh Nirmalkar
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  2. E. Suresh
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  3. N. Felix
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  4. A. Kathirvelpandian
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  5. Mir Ishfaq Nazir
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  6. Amit Ranjan
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Contributions

Rakesh Nirmalkar conducted the experiment and drafted the manuscript. Dr. E. Suresh, Dr. N. Felix, and Dr. A. Kathirvelpandian have supervised the first author, conceived the idea of the experiment, and corrected the draft of the manuscript. Mir Ishfaq Nazir and Amit Ranjan helped the first author in feed formulation and data analysis and corrected the draft of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Suresh.

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The experiment was conducted following the procedures of CPCSEA (Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals), Ministry of Environment and Forests (Animal Welfare Division), Govt. of India, on care and use of animals in scientific research. This study was approved by the ethical committee of Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Nirmalkar, R., Suresh, E., Felix, N. et al. Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using Sargassum wightii Extract and Its Impact on Serum Biochemical Profile and Growth Response of Etroplus suratensis Juveniles. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 1451–1458 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03236-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03236-0

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