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Interaction of Antioxidant Trace Minerals Affecting Blood Picture Including Antioxidant Profile of Healthy Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Calves

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Abstract

Copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) are antioxidants and essential trace elements that have mutual interaction and are reported to have beneficial effects at supranutritional levels. The experiment was executed to evaluate the individual impact of supranutritional levels of targeted elements with the effect of their interactions in buffalo calves. Twenty male Murrah buffalo calves of about 8–9 months (bodyweight 112.1 ± 7.69 kg) were distributed into four groups of five calves in each group and fed either a control (C) diet or supplemented with supranutritional levels of Cu (T1), Se (T2), or combination of both (T3) for 120 days. Higher (P = 0.015) values of packed cell volume were observed in group T2 at day 120; otherwise, all other hematological parameters remained comparable among groups. Over the period (day 120 vs. day 0), an enhancement in the percentage of lymphocytes (P = 0.006) with a reduction in neutrophils (P = 0.028) and hemoglobin (P = 0.024) values was observed in the control group. An enhancement in the percentage of monocytes (P = 0.031), with a reduced percentage of neutrophils (P = 0.022), was reported in groups T2 and T3, respectively. Interaction of Cu and Se at supranutritional level (T3) dramatically reduced plasma Cu (P = 0.008) level against the control values, with an improvement in Se markers (i.e., plasma Se, P = 0.041 and enzyme glutathione peroxidase, P = 0.057) over the values in calves fed supplemental Se alone (T2). Additionally, Cu (T1 and T3) was forced to decline (P < 0.05) Zn level in the plasma of buffalo calves. Cu (T1, P < 0.05) and Se (T2 and T3, P ≤ 0.01) supplementation was able to improve their respective plasma levels. The interaction of two trace elements at the supranutritional level further helped in reducing the lipid peroxidation (P = 0.01) values as well. Though antioxidant vitamins and cell-mediated immunity remained unaffected, humoral immunity against antigen P. multocida was high (P = 0.005) in the group T2. The conclusion may be drawn that supranutritional Cu and Se were capable to influence certain blood parameters with an additional interaction effect due to simultaneous supplementation in buffalo calves.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mineral and Vitamin Nutrition Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Bareilly, UP, India

    Vishal Mudgal, Anil Kumar Garg & Ram Sharan Dass

  2. Division of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, ICAR – Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India

    Vishal Mudgal

  3. Biological Standardization Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Bareilly, UP, India

    Mayank Rawat

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  1. Vishal Mudgal
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  2. Anil Kumar Garg
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  3. Ram Sharan Dass
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  4. Mayank Rawat
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Contributions

The authors’ responsibilities were as follows: V. M. conducted the research, performs laboratory and data analyses, and wrote the manuscript; M. R. performed the laboratory analysis of cell-mediated immune response. A.K.G. and R.S.D. guided the study and all authors designed the research and read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Vishal Mudgal.

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Animal experimentation was conducted following the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee guidelines being supervised by Indian CPCSEA.

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Mudgal, V., Garg, A.K., Dass, R.S. et al. Interaction of Antioxidant Trace Minerals Affecting Blood Picture Including Antioxidant Profile of Healthy Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Calves. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 156–169 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03122-9

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