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Dietary Trace Element Intake and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Mini Review

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Abstract

Trace elements are essentially required for various physiological and metabolic functions, and any disturbance in the trace elements homeostasis may result in the development of chronic diseases including breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type reported in women equally affecting both the high-income and low-income countries. This review therefore aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary trace element intake in relation to the incidence of breast cancer. We focused on five trace elements, thus emphasizing dietary selenium, zinc, iron, copper, and cadmium intake and risk of breast cancer. A systematic approach was applied to perform this review through entering a search term in PubMed and Scopus databases. A total of 24 articles were included after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of the studies regarding dietary iron intake showed a detrimental effect of increased dietary heme iron on breast cancer incidence risk. In addition, there is a limited evidence of high dietary intake of selenium and zinc to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Also, a few studies showed a relationship between high cadmium consumption and risk of breast cancer. More studies related to cadmium and copper exposure are needed to confirm this relationship. As a result, the findings of this review suggested that high dietary heme iron is a potential risk factor for breast cancer.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Dr. Cem Ekmekcioglu, Dr. Michael Poteser, and Dr. Hanns Moshammer for their support and suggestions to improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NUMS Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, National University of Medical Sciences, PWD Campus, Police Foundation Road, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Sehar Iqbal

  2. Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Vienna, Universitätsstrasse 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria

    Inayat Ali

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  1. Sehar Iqbal
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Conceptualization, SI; literature search, SI and IA; data compilation, SI and IA; writing—original draft, SI; review and validity, SI and IA; and editing, IA.

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Correspondence to Sehar Iqbal.

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Iqbal, S., Ali, I. Dietary Trace Element Intake and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Mini Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 4936–4948 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-03089-z

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