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Evaluation of Cerebellar Function and Integrity of Adult Rats After Long-Term Exposure to Aluminum at Equivalent Urban Region Consumption Concentrations

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Abstract

High amounts of aluminum (Al) are found in soil and water. It is highly bioavailable, which makes it an important agent of environmental imbalance. Moreover, Al is considered a neurotoxic agent that is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, this study investigated the effects of long-term Al chloride (AlCl3) exposure on motor behavior, oxidative biochemistry, and cerebellar tissue parameters. For this, adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Al-D1 (8.3 mg kg−1 day−1), Al-D2 (5.2 mg kg−1 day−1), and control (distilled water); all groups were orally exposed for 60 days by intragastric gavage. After the exposure period, animals performed the open field, elevated plus maze, rotarod, and beam walking tests. Then, the blood and cerebellum were collected to evaluate Al levels and biochemical and morphological analyses, respectively. Our results demonstrate that animals exposed to Al doses presented a higher Al level in the blood. In the spontaneous locomotor activity, Al exposure groups had traveled a lower total distance when compared with the control group. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between exposed and control groups when anxiogenic profile, forced locomotion, fine motor coordination/balance, pro-oxidative parameter, and density Purkinje cells were compared. Thus, aluminum exposure in equivalent doses to human consumption in urban regions did not promote significant changes in the cerebellum or motor parameters.

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The quantitative and qualitative data used to support the findings of this study are included in the article.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Federal University of Pará for technical and scientific support.

Funding

This study was supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). It was also partially financed by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.

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  1. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 1, Campus do Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-900, Brazil

    Rafael Monteiro Fernandes, Priscila Cunha Nascimento, Maria Karolina Martins, Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão, Luis Felipe Sarmiento Rivera, Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt & Rafael Rodrigues Lima

  2. Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil

    Sabrina C. Cartágenes & Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez

  3. Laboratory Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil

    Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia

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  1. Rafael Monteiro Fernandes
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Fernandes, R.M., Nascimento, P.C., Martins, M.K. et al. Evaluation of Cerebellar Function and Integrity of Adult Rats After Long-Term Exposure to Aluminum at Equivalent Urban Region Consumption Concentrations. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 1425–1436 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02244-2

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