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Effect of Long-term Administration of Oral Magnesium Sulfate and Insulin to Reduce Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia in Rats: the Role of Akt2 and IRS1 Gene Expressions

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Abstract

The effects of long-term oral administration of magnesium sulfate and insulin on hyperglycemia were investigated using Akt2 and IRS1 gene expression methods in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups: 1, non-diabetic control (NDC); 2, Mg2+-treated non-diabetic control (Mg-NDC); 3, chronic diabetic (CD); 4, Mg2+-treated chronic diabetic (Mg-CD); and 5, insulin-treated chronic diabetic (Ins-CD). Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes. The Mg-CD and Mg-NDC groups received 10 g/l of MgSO4 added to drinking water. The Ins-CD group received 2.5 U/kg of insulin twice a day. Blood glucose level and body weight were measured every week. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed after 16 weeks. MgSO4 administration improved the blood glucose level and IPGTT. It also increased Akt2 and IRS1 genes as well as protein expression. Insulin lowered the blood glucose level and increased IRS1 gene and protein expression, but did not affect Akt2 gene and protein expression. Glucose reduction after Mg therapy may be mediated, at least partially, via IRS1 and Akt2 genes and protein stimulation. In insulin-treated rats, insulin resistance was not significant due to the absence of Akt2 gene expression.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Hormozgan University of Medical Science under grant number 9471.

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Author notes

  1. Mitra Kamran and Fatemeh Kharazmi contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Mitra Kamran, Fatemeh Kharazmi & Fatemah Khosravi

  2. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Mitra Kamran & Nepton Soltani

  3. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Fatemeh Kharazmi, Kianoosh Malekzadeh, Fatemah Khosravi & Nepton Soltani

  4. Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran

    Ardeshir Talebi

  5. Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran

    Nepton Soltani

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  1. Mitra Kamran
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  2. Fatemeh Kharazmi
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Correspondence to Nepton Soltani.

Ethics declarations

The animals were managed in agreement with the criteria defined in the NIH publication no. 85-23, revised in 1985, and the experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee HUMS REC.1394.112 for Animal Care of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences.

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Kamran, M., Kharazmi, F., Malekzadeh, K. et al. Effect of Long-term Administration of Oral Magnesium Sulfate and Insulin to Reduce Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia in Rats: the Role of Akt2 and IRS1 Gene Expressions. Biol Trace Elem Res 190, 396–404 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1555-z

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