Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of Six Elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in Several Wild Vegetables and Evaluation of Their Intakes Based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2011

  • Published:
Biological Trace Element Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Wild vegetables, those edible among naturally grown vegetables, have been reported to contain many bioactive substances, dietary fibers, vitamins, and minerals. The purpose of this study is to examine the six elements of the wild vegetables frequently consumed by Koreans and assess the element intakes through them. Contents of six kinds of elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in 11 wild vegetables were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Using these analysis data, the 6-element intakes from the wild vegetables were evaluated in healthy Korean adults aged 19–64 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2011). Sedum and shepherd’s purse contained over 100 mg of Ca in 100 g of their edible portion. The Mg content per 100 g of the 11 wild vegetables ranged from 12.1 mg to 43.4 mg. The wild vegetable with the highest mineral content per 100 g was sedum for Ca, spinach for Mg, shepherd’s purse for Fe, spinach for Zn, bracken for Cu, and fragrant edible wild aster for Mn. The element intakes from the 11 wild vegetables compared with dietary reference intakes in the healthy Koreans were 1.0 % for Ca, 2.1 % for Mg, 5.3 % for Fe, 1.4 % for Zn, 0.3 % for Cu, and 1.8 % for Mn. Considering the low intake ratio (1.2 %) of the wild vegetable to total food intake, wild vegetables may contribute to some element intakes. Our results show the nutritional value of the wild vegetables in the aspect of mineral nutrition; however, further research is needed to evaluate the bioavailability of various elements in wild vegetables.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Pellegrini N, Serafini M, Colombi B, Del Rio D, Salvatore S, Bianchi M, Brighenti F (2003) Total antioxidant capacity of plant foods, beverages and oils consumed in Italy assessed by three different in vitro assays. J Nutr 133:2812–2819

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Jiratanan T, Liu RH (2004) Antioxidant activity of processed table beets (Beta vulgaris var, conditiva) and green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Agric Food Chem 52:2659–2670

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Lunet N, Lacerda-Vieira A, Barros H (2005) Fruit and vegetables consumption and gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutr Cancer 53:1–10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Yoon JH, Kim KH (2007) Biological functions of wild edible greens. Ann Plant Res Res 6:219–243

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chipurura B, Muchuweti M, Kasiyamhuru A (2013) Wild leafy vegetables consumed in Buhera District of Zimbabwe and their phenolic compounds content. Ecol Food Nutr 52:178–189

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Sakai Y, Nagase H, Ose Y, Sato T, Kawai M, Mizuno M (1988) Effects of medicinal plant extracts from Chinese herbal medicines on the mutagenic activity of benzo[a]pyrene. Mutat Res 206:327–334

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Lee BI, Nugroho A, Bachri MS, Choi J, Lee KR, Choi JS, Kim WB, Lee KT, Lee JD, Park HJ (2010) Anti-ulcerogenic effect and HPLC analysis of the caffeoylquinic acid-rich extract from Ligularia stenocephala. Biol Pharm Bull 33:493–497

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cisowska A, Wojnicz D, Hendrich AB (2011) Anthocyanins as antimicrobial agents of natural plant origin. Nat Prod Commun 6:149–156

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Larsson SC, Virtamo J, Wolk A (2011) Potassium, calcium, and magnesium intakes and risk of stroke in women. Am J Epidemiol 174:35–43

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Klotz LO, Kröncke KD, Buchczyk DP, Sies H (2003) Role of copper, zinc, selenium and tellurium in the cellular defense against oxidative and nitrosative stress. J Nutr 133:1448S–1451S

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Houston MC, Harper KJ (2008) Potassium, magnesium, and calcium: their role in both the cause and treatment of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 10:3–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Orech FO, Christensen DL, Larsen T, Friis H, Aagaard-Hansen J, Estambale BA (2007) Mineral content of traditional leafy vegetables from western Kenya. Int J Food Sci Nutr 58:595–602

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Afolayan AJ, Jimoh FO (2009) Nutritional quality of some wild leafy vegetables in South Africa. Int J Food Sci Nutr 60:424–431

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Wang Y, Xin SG (2004) Application of orthogonal test in determination of trace elements in wild vegetables by ICP-AES. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 24:1253–1256

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Baruah AM, Borah S (2009) An investigation on sources of potential minerals found in traditional vegetables of north-east India. Int J Food Sci Nutr 60(S):111–115

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ogle BM, Hung PH, Tuyet T (2001) Significance of wild vegetables in micronutrient intakes of women in Vietnam: an analysis of food variety. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 10:21–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. The Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) National health statistics. Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul

    Google Scholar 

  18. The Korean Nutrition Society (2010) Dietary reference intakes for Koreans. Hanarum Publishers, Seoul

    Google Scholar 

  19. Rural Development Administration (2006) Food composition tables, 7th edn. Hyoil, Seoul

    Google Scholar 

  20. Alonso J, Salgado M, Gariciá MM (2000) Accumulation of mercury in edible macrofungi: influence of some factors. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 38:158–162

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Gast CH, Jansen E, Bierling J, Haanstra L (1988) Heavy metals in mushrooms and their relationship with soil characteristics. Chemosphere 17:789–799

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Györfi J, Geösel A, Vetter J (2010) Mineral composition of different strains of edible medicinal mushroom Agaricus subrufescens Peck. J Med Food 13:1510–1514

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Aikawa JK (1981) Magnesium: its biologic significance. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  24. Matusda H (1991) Magnesium gating of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel. Ann Rev Physiol 53:289–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Droup I, Clausen T (1993) Correlation between magnesium and potassium contents in muscle: role of Na(+)-K+ pump. Am J Physiol 264:C457–C463

    Google Scholar 

  26. Finch CA, Hueber H (1982) Perspectives in iron metabolism. N Engl J Med 306:1520–1528

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Cousins RJ (1985) Absorption, transport, and hepatic metabolism of copper and zinc: special reference to metallothionein and ceruloplasmin. Physiol Rev 65:238–309

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Solomons NW (1985) Biological, metabolic, and clinical role of copper in human nutrition. Am J Coll Nutr 4:83–105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Crawford T, Crawford MD (1967) Prevalence and pathological changes of ischaemic heart-disease in a hard-water and in a soft-water area. Lancet 4:229–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Appleton GV, Owen RW, Williamson RC (1992) The effect of dietary calcium supplementation on intestinal lipid metabolism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 42:383–387

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Nielsen FH, Milne DB, Klevay LM, Gallagher S, Johnson L (2007) Dietary magnesium deficiency induces heart rhythm changes, impairs glucose tolerance, and decreases serum cholesterol in postmenopausal women. J Am Coll Nutr 26:121–132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Vlad M, Caseanu E, Uza G, Petrescu M (1994) Concentration of copper, zinc, chromium, iron, and nickel in the abdominal aorta of patients deceased with coronary heart disease. J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 8:111–114

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Klotz LO, Kröncke KD, Buchczyk DP, Sies H (2003) Role of copper, zinc, selenium, and tellurium in the cellular defense against oxidative and nitrosative stress. J Nutr 133:1448S–1451S

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Davis CD, Ney DM, Greger JL (1990) Manganese, iron, and lipid interactions in rats. J Nutr 120:507–513

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the research grant of the Kongju National University in 2013.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Dongducheon, 483-777, South Korea

    Yun-Jung Bae

  2. Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, 368-701, South Korea

    Mi-Hyun Kim

  3. Division of Food Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, 340-702, South Korea

    Je-Hyuk Lee & Mi-Kyeong Choi

Authors
  1. Yun-Jung Bae
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mi-Hyun Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Je-Hyuk Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mi-Kyeong Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mi-Kyeong Choi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bae, YJ., Kim, MH., Lee, JH. et al. Analysis of Six Elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in Several Wild Vegetables and Evaluation of Their Intakes Based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2011. Biol Trace Elem Res 164, 114–121 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-0203-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-0203-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation