Abstract
Acrylic latexes with epoxy and carboxyl groups have been synthesized via a two-stage emulsion polymerization process. Different contents of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were introduced by three addition modes to copolymerize with methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of K2S2O8. To obtain stable latexes, NaHCO3 was employed as a buffer to compensate for the acidity from the thermal dissociation of K2S2O8, and triethylamine was used to neutralize the carboxyl acid from AA. The results showed that the stable latexes with core/shell structure were synthesized by this method, and higher GMA content or addition at earlier stage led to forming the latexes with higher content of coagulum and bigger sized particles. During the formation of films, the polymer epoxy groups underwent the crosslinking reaction with carboxyl acid. When the GMA content increased or GMA was introduced at a later stage, high crosslinking extent was formed in the films. As a result, the crosslinking provided the films with improved water resistance, chemical resistance, tensile strength, hardness, abrasion resistance, and thermal stability.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Guyot, A, Landfester, KJ, Schork, F, Wang, C, “Hybrid Polymer Latexes.” Prog. Polym. Sci., 32 1439–1461 (2007)
Kiil, S, “Drying of Latex Films and Coatings: Reconsidering the Fundamental Mechanisms.” Prog. Org. Coat., 57 236–250 (2006)
Joshi, RG, Provder, T, Ziemer, P, Mao, W, Shen, W, Jones, FN, “Investigation of the Effect of Precoalescence or Postcoalescence Crosslinking on Film Formation, Properties, and Latex Morphology.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 6 47–65 (2009)
Hsu, DD, Xia, W, Arturo, SG, Keten, S, “Systematic Method for Thermomechanically Consistent Coarse-Graining: A Universal Model for Methacrylate-Based Polymers.” J. Chem. Theory Comput., 10 2514–2527 (2014)
Tillet, G, Boutevin, B, Ameduri, B, “Chemical Reactions of Polymer Crosslinking and Post-Crosslinking at Room and Medium Temperature.” Prog. Polym. Sci., 36 191–217 (2011)
Taylor, JW, Winnik, MA, “Functional Latex and Thermoset Latex Films.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 1 163–190 (2004)
Tronc, F, Liu, R, Winnik, MA, Eckersley, ST, Rose, GD, Weishuhn, JM, Meunier, DM, “Epoxy-Functionalized, Low Glass-Transition Temperature Latex. I. Synthesis, Characterizations, and Polymer Interdiffusion.” J. Polym. Sci. A, 40 2609–2625 (2002)
Teng, G, Soucek, MD, Yang, XF, Tallman, DE, “Effect of the Addition Mode of Cycloaliphatic Diepoxide on the Morphology and Film Properties of Crosslinkable Core-Shell Latex.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 88 245–257 (2003)
Pedraza, EP, Soucek, MD, “Effect of Functional Monomer on the Stability and Film Properties of Thermosetting Core-Shell Latexes.” Polymer, 46 11174–11185 (2005)
Teng, G, Soucek, MD, “Synthesis and Characterization of Cycloaliphatic Diepoxide Crosslinkable Core-Shell Latexes.” Polymer, 42 2849–2862 (2001)
Mishra, S, Singh, J, Choudhary, V, “Synthesis and Characterization of Butyl Acrylate/Methyl Methacrylate/Glycidyl Methacrylate Latexes.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 115 549–557 (2010)
Bakhshi, H, Bouhendi, H, Zohuriaan-Mehr, MJ, Kabiri, K, “Semibatch Emulsion Copolymerization of Butyl Acrylate and Glycidyl Methacrylate: Effect of Operating Variables.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 117 2771–2780 (2010)
Bakhshi, H, Zohuriaan-Mehr, MJ, Bouhendi, H, Kabiri, K, “Spectral and Chemical Determination of Copolymer Composition of Poly(butyl acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) from Emulsion Polymerization.” Polym. Test., 28 730–736 (2009)
Bakhshi, H, Zohuriaan-Mehr, MJ, Bouhendi, H, Kabiri, K, “Effect of Functional Monomer GMA on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Coatings from Poly (BA-MMA) Latexes.” J. Mater. Sci. Mater., 46 2771–2777 (2011)
Norakankorn, C, Pan, Q, Rempel, GL, Kiatkamjonwong, S, “Synthesis of Core/Shell Structure of Glycidyl-Functionalized Poly(methyl methacrylate) Latex Nanoparticles via Differential Microemulsion Polymerization.” Eur. Polym. J., 45 2977–2986 (2009)
Garnier, J, Dufils, PE, Vinas, J, Vanderveken, Y, Van Herk, A, Lacroix-Desmazes, P, “Synthesis of Poly(vinylidene chloride)-Based Composite Latexes by Emulsion Polymerization from Epoxy Functional Seeds for Improved Thermal Stability.” Polym. Degrad. Stab., 97 170–177 (2012)
Grawe, JR, Bufkin, BG, “Survey of the Applications, Properties and Technology of Crosslinking Emulsions. 1.” J. Coat. Tech., 50 67–83 (1978)
Sajjadi, S, “Nanoparticle Formation by Monomer-Starved Semibatch Emulsion Polymerization.” Langmuir, 23 1018–1024 (2007)
Sajjadi, S, “Particle Formation and Coagulation in the Seeded Semibatch Emulsion Polymerization of Butyl Acrylate.” J. Polym. Sci. A, 38 3612–3630 (2000)
Morgan, LW, “Multifeed Emulsion Polymers: The Effects of Monomer Feed Sequence and the Use of Seed Emulsion Polymers.” Appl. Polym. Sci., 27 2033–2042 (1982)
Liu, M, Mao, X, Zhu, H, Lin, A, Wang, D, “Water and Corrosion Resistance of Epoxy-Acrylic-Amine Waterborne Coatings: Effects of Resin Molecular Weight, Polar Group and Hydrophobic Segment.” Corros. Sci., 75 106–113 (2013)
Ma, G, Guan, T, Hou, C, Wu, J, Wang, G, Ji, X, Wang, B, “Preparation, Properties and Application of Waterborne Hydroxyl-Functional Polyurethane/Acrylic Emulsions in Two-Component Coatings.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 12 505–512 (2015)
Acknowledgments
Financial support provided by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (No. 2012-8) and Scientific Research Foundation of Shanxi Province, China (No. 20111101059) is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Qin, G., Ma, G., Hou, C. et al. Effects of glycidyl methacrylate content and addition sequence on the acrylic latexes with carboxyl groups. J Coat Technol Res 13, 973–980 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-016-9808-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-016-9808-2