Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Surgical Management of the Concealed Penis in Adults

  • Male and Female Surgical Interventions (A Burnett and C Carson, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Sexual Health Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The concealed penis in adults is a relatively rare indication for surgical treatment; however, it represents a complex disease spectrum requiring thoughtful, systematic management. Here, we review the fundamental principles underlying a successful repair and highlight recent surgical techniques and pathways.

Recent Findings

In evaluated patients with adult concealed penis, clinicians should be aware of the association of this condition with urethral stricture, carcinoma of the penis, and angiosarcoma in the setting of lymphedema. It may not be possible to complete this evaluation prior to operative exploration, although adjunctive studies such as MRI can be helpful. In addition, surgical reconstruction may involve urologist and plastic surgeons. All successful repairs involve the key steps of excising scar tissue and abnormal skin, freeing abnormal attachments, reducing suprapubic adiposity if indicated, dividing the suspensory ligament if additional release is needed, tacking superficial and deep tissues together to maintain sharp penopubic and penoscrotal angles, and achieving adequate skin coverage with local tissue if possible and skin grafting if necessary. Adjunctive measures such as fibrin glue and wound VAC application can improve the success of skin grafts. Patients can experience significant benefit in many domains following repair including hygiene, sexual function, and well-being.

Summary

Surgical treatment of the adult concealed penis can be highly challenging and complex. However, excellent outcomes can be obtained through a careful and thorough workup, the use of a systematic surgical approach with respect for regional anatomy and careful attention to key principles, and multi-disciplinary collaboration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, et al. Campbell-Walsh urology, 11e. Philadelphia: W B Saunders Company; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Shenoy MU, Srinivasan J, Sully L, Rance CH. Buried penis: surgical correction using liposuction and realignment of skin. BJU Int. 2000;86(4):527–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Donatucci CF, Ritter EF. Management of the buried penis in adults. J Urol. 1998;159(2):420–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Higuchi TT, Yamaguchi Y, Wood HM, Angermeier KW. Evaluation and treatment of adult concealed penis. Curr Urol Rep. 2012;13(4):277–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. • Tausch TJ, Tachibana I, Siegel J, Hoxworth R, Scott J, Morey AF. Classification system for individualized treatment of adult buried penis syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;138(3):703–11. A large contemporary surgical series in which several innovative techniques were utilized to reduce the need for grafting to provide adequate skin coverage

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. • Voznesensky MA, Lawrence WT, Keith JN, Erickson BA. Patient-reported social, psychological, and urologic outcomes after adult buried penis repair. Urology. 2017;103:240–4. One of the several contemporary studies which evaluated patients’ functionality and quality of life following surgical repair

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. • Rybak J, Larsen S, Yu M, Levine LA. Single center outcomes after reconstructive surgical correction of adult acquired buried penis: measurements of erectile function, depression, and quality of life. J Sex Med. 2014;11(4):1086–91. One of the several contemporary studies which evaluated patients’ functionality and quality of life following surgical repair

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA. 2014;311(8):806–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9945):766–81.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. • Hughes DB, Perez E, Garcia RM, Aragón OR, Erdmann D. Sexual and overall quality of life improvements after surgical correction of “buried penis”. Ann Plast Surg. 2016;76(5):532–5. One of the several contemporary studies which evaluated patients’ functionality and quality of life following surgical repair

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Chopra CW, Ayoub NT, Bromfield C, Witt PD. Surgical management of acquired (cicatricial) buried penis in an adult patient. Ann Plast Surg. 2002;49(5):545–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. • Hampson LA, Muncey W, Chung PH, et al. Surgical and functional outcomes following buried penis repair with limited panniculectomy and split-thickness skin graft. Urology. 2017; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2017.07.02. One of the several contemporary studies which evaluated patients’ functionality and quality of life following surgical repair

  13. Mattsson B, Vollmer C, Schwab C, et al. Complications of a buried penis in an extremely obese patient. Andrologia. 2012;44(Suppl 1):826–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. •• Abdulla A, Daya D, Pinthus J, Davies T. Buried penis: an unrecognized risk factor in the development of invasive penile cancer. Can Urol Assoc J. 2012;6(5):E199–202. Highlights the issue of concealed penis as both a potential risk factor for and an impediment to the facile diagnosis of penile cancer

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Doughty D, Junkin J, Kurz P, et al. Incontinence-associated dermatitis: consensus statements, evidence-based guidelines for prevention and treatment, and current challenges. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2012;39(3):303–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Gray M, Beeckman D, Bliss DZ, et al. Incontinence-associated dermatitis: a comprehensive review and update. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2012;39(1):61–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Warren AG, Peled ZM, Borud LJ. Surgical correction of a buried penis focusing on the mons as an anatomic unit. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009;62(3):388–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kulkarni S, Barbagli G, Kirpekar D, Mirri F, Lazzeri M. Lichen sclerosus of the male genitalia and urethra: surgical options and results in a multicenter international experience with 215 patients. Eur Urol. 2009;55(4):945–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Pestana IA, Greenfield JM, Walsh M, Donatucci CF, Erdmann D. Management of “buried” penis in adulthood: an overview. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124(4):1186–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. •• Liaw A, Rickborn L, Mcclung C. Incidence of urethral stricture in patients with adult acquired buried penis. Adv Urol. 2017;2017:7056173. Identifies urethral stricture as a potential complication of concealed penis and a key target in the preoperative/intra-operative workup

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Westerman ME, Tausch TJ, Zhao LC, et al. Ventral slit scrotal flap: a new outpatient surgical option for reconstruction of adult buried penis syndrome. Urology. 2015;85(6):1501–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Barbagli G, Palminteri E, Balò S, et al. Lichen sclerosus of the male genitalia and urethral stricture diseases. Urol Int. 2004;73(1):1–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Lumen N, Hoebeke P, Willemsen P, De Troyer B, Pieters R, Oosterlinck W. Etiology of urethral stricture disease in the 21st century. J Urol. 2009;182(3):983–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Liu JS, Walker K, Stein D, et al. Lichen sclerosus and isolated bulbar urethral stricture disease. J Urol. 2014;192(3):775–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Dillner J, Von Krogh G, Horenblas S, Meijer CJ. Etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 2000;205:189–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Pugliese JM, Morey AF, Peterson AC. Lichen sclerosus: review of the literature and current recommendations for management. J Urol. 2007;178(6):2268–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Tsen HF, Morgenstern H, Mack T, Peters RK. Risk factors for penile cancer: results of a population-based case-control study in Los Angeles County (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2001;12(3):267–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. •• Manwaring J, Vourganti S, Nikolavsky D, Valente AL, Byler T. Pannus is the new prepuce? Penile cancer in a buried phallus. Case Rep Urol. 2015;2015:403545. Highlights the issue of concealed penis as both a potential risk factor for and an impediment to the facile diagnosis of penile cancer

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Radhakrishnan J, Razzaq A, Manickam K. Concealed penis. Pediatr Surg Int. 2002;18(8):668–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Alter GJ, Ehrlich RM. A new technique for correction of the hidden penis in children and adults. J Urol. 1999;161(2):455–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Boonjindasup A, Pinsky M, Stewart C, et al. Management of adult concealed penis using a meshed, split-thickness skin graft. Can Urol Assoc J. 2016;10(11–12):E407–11.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Tang SH, Kamat D, Santucci RA. Modern management of adult-acquired buried penis. Urology. 2008;72(1):124–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Halperin TJ, Slavin SA, Olumi AF, Borud LJ. Surgical management of scrotal lymphedema using local flaps. Ann Plast Surg. 2007;59(1):67–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Szuba A, Rockson SG. Lymphedema: classification, diagnosis and therapy. Vasc Med. 1998;3(2):145–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Garaffa G, Christopher N, Ralph DJ. The management of genital lymphoedema. BJU Int. 2008;102(4):480–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Champaneria MC, Workman A, Kao H, Ray AO, Hill M. Reconstruction of massive localised lymphoedema of the scrotum with a novel fasciocutaneous flap: a rare case presentation and a review of the literature. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2013;66(2):281–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Chopra K, Tadisina KK, Brewer M, Holton LH, Banda AK, Singh DP. Massive localized lymphedema revisited: a quickly rising complication of the obesity epidemic. Ann Plast Surg. 2015;74(1):126–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Machol JA, Langenstroer P, Sanger JR. Surgical reduction of scrotal massive localized lymphedema (MLL) in obesity. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2014;67(12):1719–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Vaught SK, Litvak AS, Mcroberts JW. The surgical management of scrotal and penile lymphedema. J Urol. 1975;113(2):204–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Kumar P, Navaneethan GP. Resection of scrotal lymphedema. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;116(2):24e–7e.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Morey AF, Meng MV, Mcaninch JW. Skin graft reconstruction of chronic genital lymphedema. Urology. 1997;50(3):423–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Shon W, Ida CM, Boland-froemming JM, Rose PS, Folpe A. Cutaneous angiosarcoma arising in massive localized lymphedema of the morbidly obese: a report of five cases and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol. 2011;38(7):560–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Shaeer O, Shaeer K. Revealing the buried penis in adults. J Sex Med. 2009;6(3):876–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Ghanem H, Elkhaiat YI, Motawi AT, Abdelrahman IF. Infrapubic liposuction for penile length augmentation in patients with infrapubic adiposities. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2017;41(2):441–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Shaeer OK. Shaeer’s technique: a minimally invasive procedure for monsplasty and revealing the concealed penis. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2016;4(8):e1019.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Zucchi A, Perovic S, Lazzeri M, et al. Iatrogenic trapped penis in adults: new, simple 2-stage repair. J Urol. 2010;183(3):1060–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Thakar HJ, Dugi DD. Skin grafting of the penis. Urol Clin N Am. 2013;40(3):439–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Alter GJ. Surgical techniques: surgery to correct hidden penis. J Sex Med. 2006;3(5):939–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Castañares S, Belt E. Surgical reconstruction of the penis in skin losses, using scrotum skin. Br J Plast Surg. 1968;21(3):253–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Garaffa G, Sansalone S, Ralph DJ. Penile reconstruction. Asian J Androl. 2013;15(1):16–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Waris T, Astrand K, Hämäläinen H, Piironen J, Valtimo J, Järvilehto T. Regeneration of cold, warmth and heat-pain sensibility in human skin grafts. Br J Plast Surg. 1989;42(5):576–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Black PC, Friedrich JB, Engrav LH, Wessells H. Meshed unexpanded split-thickness skin grafting for reconstruction of penile skin loss. J Urol. 2004;172(3):976–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Corps BV. The effect of graft thickness, donor site and graft bed on graft shrinkage in the hooded rat. Br J Plast Surg. 1969;22(2):125–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Mcdougal WS. Lymphedema of the external genitalia. J Urol. 2003;170(3):711–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. • Alwaal A, Mcaninch JW, Harris CR, Breyer BN. Utilities of split-thickness skin grafting for male genital reconstruction. Urology. 2015;86(4):835–9. Reviews principles of skin graft application for genital reconstruction in a variety of settings

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Fuller TW, Theisen K, Rusilko P. Surgical management of adult acquired buried penis: escutcheonectomy, scrotectomy, and penile split-thickness skin graft. Urology. 2017;108:237–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Jabs AD, Wider TM, Debellis J, Hugo NE. The effect of fibrin glue on skin grafts in infected sites. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992;89(2):268–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Stefan H. Reconstruction of the penis after necrosis due to circumcision burn. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1994;4(1):40–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Blackburn JH, Boemi L, Hall WW, et al. Negative-pressure dressings as a bolster for skin grafts. Ann Plast Surg. 1998;40(5):453–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Azzopardi EA, Boyce DE, Dickson WA, et al. Application of topical negative pressure (vacuum-assisted closure) to split-thickness skin grafts: a structured evidence-based review. Ann Plast Surg. 2013;70(1):23–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Weinfeld AB, Kelley P, Yuksel E, et al. Circumferential negative-pressure dressing (VAC) to bolster skin grafts in the reconstruction of the penile shaft and scrotum. Ann Plast Surg. 2005;54(2):178–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Senchenkov A, Knoetgen J, Chrouser KL, Nehra A. Application of vacuum-assisted closure dressing in penile skin graft reconstruction. Urology. 2006;67(2):416–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Aboutaleb H. Reconstruction of an amputated glans penis with a buccal mucosal graft: case report of a novel technique. Korean J Urol. 2014;55(12):841–3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Zhao YQ, Zhang J, Yu MS, Long DC. Functional restoration of penis with partial defect by scrotal skin flap. J Urol. 2009;182(5):2358–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Han DS, Jang H, Youn CS, Yuk SM. A new surgical technique for concealed penis using an advanced musculocutaneous scrotal flap. BMC Urol. 2015;15:54.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Morey AF. Re: new technique for the treatment of buried penis in children. J Urol. 2016;196(5):1548.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Cavayero CT, Cooper MA, Harlin SL. Adult-acquired hidden penis in obese patients: a critical survey of the literature. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2015;115(3):150–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ty T. Higuchi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Male and Female Surgical Interventions

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Danzig, M.R., Parrillo, L.M. & Higuchi, T.T. Surgical Management of the Concealed Penis in Adults. Curr Sex Health Rep 9, 232–240 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-017-0138-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-017-0138-x

Keywords

Navigation