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Opioid Use Disorder and Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities: Prevention and Management

  • Acute Pain Medicine (R Urman, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review aims to summarize risks and disparities associated with the prevalence and treatment of opioid use disorder in the perioperative and long-term setting, as well as evidence-based treatment and prevention targeted toward specific vulnerable populations.

Recent Finding

There are significant demographic disparities in pain management and development and management of OUD in the chronic and surgical setting. While White patients traditionally receive more pain management, they are also at higher risk of developing OUD. Hispanic and Latin populations have the largest proportion of youth with OUD and often lack culturally appropriate translation services that allow for effective treatment. Native Americans have the second highest rate of OUD and often receive care in communities and healthcare settings that lack funding and resources to combat OUD. African Americans tend to suffer from the criminalization of OUD and are less able to seek treatment due to this, and furthermore, often lack community services that would benefit them. Additional vulnerable populations include homeless individuals that lack access to healthcare or health insurance. In addition, incarcerated individuals often lack access to naloxone and suffer from high rates of fatal overdose soon after being released to the community. People in rural settings lack needle-exchange programs and community-based interventions/support groups.

Summary

Patients in the perioperative setting lack standard screening and pain management protocols. Interventions targeted toward each appropriate group can help decrease the rate of OUD and improve its treatment, and overarching interventions such as protocols, targeted funding, education and regulation can combat OUD for all populations.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research (FAER) for providing the student research stipend of Neha Siddiqui as part of the 2021 Medical Student Anesthesia Research Fellowship (MSARF) Program. The authors also would like to thank Jeffrey L. Schnipper MD, MPH for expert advice in preparation of this manuscript.

Funding

Neha Siddiqui received funding from the Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research (FAER) Medical Student Anesthesia Research Program (MSARF) for the completion of this study. Richard D. Urman received related funding from the National Institutes of Health grant # 3R34DA048268-02S1. Richard D. Urman reports other funding and/or fees from Merck, Medtronic, AcelRx, Pfizer, Heron, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and the National Science Foundation. Neha Siddiqui reports funding from the Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research (FAER).

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  1. Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 618202, USA

    Neha Siddiqui

  2. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Neha Siddiqui & Richard D. Urman

  3. Center for Perioperative Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Richard D. Urman

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Correspondence to Richard D. Urman.

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The authors do not have any potential conflicts of interest to disclose. Neha Siddiqui reports grants from the Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research. Richard Urman reports grants from the Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research and personal fees from Covidien, Merck, Pfizer, AcelRx and NIH. He is a Section Editor for this journal, but was not involved in the review of this manuscript.

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Siddiqui, N., Urman, R.D. Opioid Use Disorder and Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities: Prevention and Management. Curr Pain Headache Rep 26, 129–137 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-022-01010-4

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