Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) continues to be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is typically resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and while targeted therapies have activity and prolong progression-free and overall survival, responses are usually not durable. Modulating the immune system with cytokine therapy, vaccine therapy, cell therapy, and checkpoint inhibitors offers hope of prolonged survival. Standard and emerging immune therapy approaches and combinations of immune therapies and other modalities are reviewed.
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Susanna A. Curtis declares that she has no conflict of interest.
Justine V. Cohen declares that she has no conflict of interest.
Harriet M. Kluger has received consulting fees or research funds from Merck, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Prometheus, and Alexion Pharmaceuticals.
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Curtis, S.A., Cohen, J.V. & Kluger, H.M. Evolving Immunotherapy Approaches for Renal Cell Carcinoma. Curr Oncol Rep 18, 57 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-016-0542-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-016-0542-9