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Community-Acquired Pneumonia in HIV-Positive Patients: an Update on Etiologies, Epidemiology and Management

  • Respiratory Infections (F Arnold, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Infectious Disease Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the cause of a considerable burden of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected patients. The purpose of this study was to review recent literature for epidemiological trends and management of CAP in HIV patients.

Recent Findings

While the specific infectious etiologies are very diverse, bacterial infection and tuberculosis are the main causes of CAP in this population. Bacterial CAP mostly affects high-income countries, while tuberculosis is mostly in low-/middle-income countries. Early antiretroviral therapy is of benefit for all patients regardless of etiology and immune status.

Summary

Specific etiologies require individualized approaches, both therapeutically and prophylatically. Antiretroviral therapy is recommended for all patients.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine 4, Hospital de Santa Marta, Central Lisbon Hospital Centre, Rua de Santa Marta, 1169-124, Lisbon, Portugal

    André Almeida & Matteo Boattini

  2. NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal

    André Almeida & Matteo Boattini

Authors
  1. André Almeida
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  2. Matteo Boattini
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Correspondence to André Almeida.

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Conflict of Interest

Drs Almeida and Boattini declare no conflict of interests.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by the author.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Respiratory Infections

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Almeida, A., Boattini, M. Community-Acquired Pneumonia in HIV-Positive Patients: an Update on Etiologies, Epidemiology and Management. Curr Infect Dis Rep 19, 2 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-017-0559-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-017-0559-8

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