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Contemporary Issues in Pregnancy (and Offspring) in the Current HIV Era

  • Complications of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy (GA McComsey, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced mother to child transmission of HIV, data continue to mount that infants exposed to HIV in utero but are not infected (HEU) have serious negative health consequences compared to unexposed infants. This review evaluates recent literature on contemporary issues related to complications seen in pregnant women with HIV and their offspring.

Recent Findings

Current studies show that HEU infants are at a high risk of adverse outcomes, including premature birth, poor growth, neurodevelopmental impairment, immune dysfunction, infectious morbidity, and death. Etiologies for the observed clinical events and subclinical alterations are complex and multifactorial, and the long-term consequences of many findings are yet unknown.

Summary

HEU infants have an unacceptable rate of morbidity and mortality from perinatal HIV and ART exposure, even in the modern ART era. Continual monitoring and reporting is imperative to protect this vulnerable population in our everchanging landscape of HIV treatment and prevention.

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References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Ave., MSC 752, Charleston, SC, USA

    Allison Ross Eckard, Stephanie E. Kirk & Nancy L. Hagood

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  1. Allison Ross Eckard
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  2. Stephanie E. Kirk
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Correspondence to Allison Ross Eckard.

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Dr. Kirk reports personal fees, non-financial support and other from Thera Technologies, outside the submitted work. Dr. Eckard reports personal fees and non-financial support from Theratechnologies, Inc. and Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work. Dr. Hagood has nothing to disclose.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Complications of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy

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Eckard, A.R., Kirk, S.E. & Hagood, N.L. Contemporary Issues in Pregnancy (and Offspring) in the Current HIV Era. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 16, 492–500 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-019-00465-2

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