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The Dual Role of Neutrophils in HIV Infection

  • HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay and N Utay, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

We summarize what is known about neutrophils in HIV infection, focusing on their potential roles in HIV protection, acquisition, and pathogenesis.

Recent Findings

Recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophil-associated proteins and cytokines in genital tissue pre-infection associate with HIV acquisition. However, recent in vivo assessment of highly exposed seronegative individuals and in vitro studies of anti-HIV functions of neutrophils add to older literature evidence that neutrophils may be important in a protective response to HIV infection.

Summary

Neutrophils are important for containment of pathogens but can also contribute to tissue damage due to their release of reactive oxygen species, proteases, and other potentially harmful effector molecules. Overall, there is a clear evidence for both helpful and harmful roles of neutrophils in HIV acquisition and pathogenesis. Further study, particularly of tissue neutrophils, is needed to elucidate the kinetics, phenotype, and functionality of neutrophils in HIV infection to better understand this dichotomy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Tiffany Hensley-McBain & Nichole R. Klatt

  2. Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC), University of Washington, 3000 Western Ave., Seattle, WA, 98121, USA

    Tiffany Hensley-McBain & Nichole R. Klatt

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Tiffany Hensley-McBain and Nichole R. Klatt declare grants from National Institutes of Health.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment

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Hensley-McBain, T., Klatt, N.R. The Dual Role of Neutrophils in HIV Infection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 15, 1–10 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-018-0370-7

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