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Friend or Foe: Innate Sensing of HIV in the Female Reproductive Tract

  • HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

The female reproductive tract (FRT) is a major site for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. There currently exists a poor understanding of how the innate immune system is activated upon HIV transmission and how this activation may affect systemic spread of HIV from the FRT. However, multiple mechanisms for how HIV is sensed have been deciphered using model systems with cell lines and peripheral blood-derived cells. The aim of this review is to summarize recent progress in the field of HIV innate immune sensing and place this in the context of the FRT. Because HIV is somewhat unique as an STD that thrives under inflammatory conditions, the response of cells upon sensing HIV gene products can either promote or limit HIV infection depending on the context. Future studies should include investigations into how FRT-derived primary cells sense and respond to HIV to confirm conclusions drawn from non-mucosal cells. Understanding how cells of the FRT participate in and effect innate immune sensing of HIV will provide a clearer picture of what parameters during the early stages of HIV exposure determine transmission success. Such knowledge could pave the way for novel approaches for preventing HIV acquisition in women.

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Acknowledgments

The current review is supported by grants from the Danish Research Council of Independent Research 4004-00237B (to M.R.J.), the Lundbeck foundation R151-2013-14443 (to M.R.J.), the Aarhus Research Centre of Innate Immunology (to M.R.J.), and the NIH R00 AI 104262 and R21 AI 116252 (to N.R.R.).

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  1. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA

    Nadia R. Roan

  2. The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA

    Nadia R. Roan

  3. Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Martin R. Jakobsen

  4. Aarhus Research Centre of Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Martin R. Jakobsen

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment

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Roan, N.R., Jakobsen, M.R. Friend or Foe: Innate Sensing of HIV in the Female Reproductive Tract. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 13, 53–63 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-016-0305-0

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