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Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction (ACPO)

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction (ACPO) is a cause of large intestinal dilation and obstruction without any physical transition point. It remains difficult to diagnose and treat. We review the recent updates on diagnosis and management of ACPO.

Recent Findings

Recent guidelines have posited that conservative management can be tried in most cases of ACPO, but that early decompression and surgery should be considered. Use of neostigmine is still a viable option but there is also promising data on pyridostigmine as well as prucalopride. Resolution of ACPO should be followed by daily use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to help prevent recurrence.

Summary

ACPO warrants early and accurate diagnosis with exclusion of alternate causes of large bowel dilation. Conservative management can be attempted for 48-72 h in those with cecal diameters < 12 cm and without signs of peritonitis and perforation. Early escalation of management should be attempted with neostigmine followed by endoscopy and/or surgery as needed, given that longer periods of dilation are associated with worse outcomes. There is promising new evidence for use of pyridostigmine and prucalopride, but further trials are needed prior to incorporating them into regular use. Finally, studies are lacking regarding prevention of ACPO after initial resolution.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Avenue, Suite 8B, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Ahana Sen & Reena Chokshi

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  1. Ahana Sen
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Correspondence to Reena Chokshi.

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Sen, A., Chokshi, R. Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction (ACPO). Curr Gastroenterol Rep 25, 191–197 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-023-00881-w

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