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Current Perspectives in Atrophic Gastritis

  • Stomach and Duodenum (Joseph Pisegna and Jihane Benhammou, Section Editors)
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Abstract

Purpose of the Review

Atrophic gastritis is a complex syndrome with gastric atrophy as a common trait. Helicobacter pylori infection and autoimmunity are the two main contexts in which it develops. It is slightly symptomatic, affects various aspects of general health, and remains a predisposing factor for gastric cancer. This review will update current knowledge and progress on atrophic gastritis.

Recent Findings

Atrophic gastritis affects mostly adults with persistent dyspepsia, deficient anemia, autoimmunity disease, long-term proton pump inhibitor use, and a family history of gastric cancer. Gastric biopsies, expressed as Sydney system grade and OLGA/OLGIM classifications, represent the gold standard for diagnosis and cancer risk stage, respectively. Recently, electronic chromoendoscopy has allowed “targeted biopsies” of intestinal metaplasia. The associated hypochlorhydria affects the gastric microbiota composition suggesting that non-Helicobacter pylori microbiota may participate in the development of gastric cancer.

Summary

Physicians should be aware of multifaceted clinical presentation of atrophic gastritis. It should be endoscopically monitored by targeted gastric biopsies. Autoimmune and Helicobacter pylori-induced atrophic gastritis are associated with different gastric microbial profiles playing different roles in gastric tumorigenesis.

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Acknowledgments

This work is part of the Sapienza University 2017 research project no. RM11715C7CDAFD1E.

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  1. Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa, 1035 -, 00189, Rome, Italy

    Edith Lahner, Laura Conti, Bruno Annibale & Vito Domenico Corleto

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  3. Bruno Annibale
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  4. Vito Domenico Corleto
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Correspondence to Vito Domenico Corleto.

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Lahner, E., Conti, L., Annibale, B. et al. Current Perspectives in Atrophic Gastritis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 22, 38 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-020-00775-1

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