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Novel Nutritional and Dietary Approaches to Weight Loss for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Ketogenic Diet, Intermittent Fasting, and Bariatric Surgery

  • Lipid Abnormalities and Cardiovascular Prevention (ED Michos, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly associated with obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction. This review will focus on three novel therapies that have been identified for potential treatment of obesity and its associated CVD risk factors.

Recent Findings

Intermittent fasting (IF) studies in animal models have shown improvements in cardiometabolic factors, including improved glucose metabolism, reduced inflammation, and reduced blood pressure. However, there is still a lack of prospective human trials to support results from animal-based studies and observational data. Studies of ketogenic diets in humans have produced mixed effects in CVD risk factors. It has been shown that the ketogenic diet (KD) increases low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but decreases triglycerides. Additionally, implementation of KD in rodent studies have demonstrated increased insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Bariatric surgery is a useful tool to help patients with obesity lose significant amounts of weight while alleviating CVD risk factors such as hypertension, LDL-C levels, triglyceride levels, and diabetes. The type of procedure influences degree of improvement in weight and CVD risk factors, yet complications remain possible.

Summary

IF and bariatric surgery offer potential for weight loss and treatment of CVD risk factors. Negative cardiovascular effects of KD have been noted and should be considered before recommending this diet to patients, particularly those with established cardiovascular disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    Amanda Becker, Dianna Gaballa, Mitchell Roslin, Eugenia Gianos & Jamie Kane

  2. Northern Westchester Hospital, Mount Kisco, NY, USA

    Mitchell Roslin

  3. Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Uniondale, NY, USA

    Mitchell Roslin, Eugenia Gianos & Jamie Kane

  4. North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA

    Jamie Kane

  5. Syosset Hospital, Syosset, NY, USA

    Jamie Kane

  6. Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA

    Jamie Kane

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Correspondence to Jamie Kane.

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Becker, A., Gaballa, D., Roslin, M. et al. Novel Nutritional and Dietary Approaches to Weight Loss for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Ketogenic Diet, Intermittent Fasting, and Bariatric Surgery. Curr Cardiol Rep 23, 85 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-021-01515-1

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