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The Intersection Between COVID-19, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diet: a Review

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the top comorbidities associated with COVID-19—both pre- and post-infection. This review examines the relationships between COVID-19 infection and cardiovascular health, with a specific focus on diet as an important modifiable risk factor.

Recent Findings

Pandemic era studies of individuals battling and recovering from COVID-19 infection suggest a strong link between metabolic diseases, such as CVD, and SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and severity. Other studies also demonstrate how COVID-19 lockdown policies and quarantine recommendations led to drastic lifestyle changes associated with increased CVD risk, such as reduced physical activity and lower diet quality. At the same time, new research is emerging that plant-based diets, which have previously been associated with lower CVD risk, may lower COVID-19 infection rates and severity of symptoms.

Summary

Diet, COVID-19, and CVD intersect through complex biological mechanisms and related behavioral factors evidenced by clinical trials and epidemiological studies. Diet may be a critical tool for modifying risk of communicable and non-communicable conditions in the post-pandemic world.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

    Tanusha S. Tholla

  2. Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Room 338, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Caleigh M. Sawicki & Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju

  3. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju

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  1. Tanusha S. Tholla
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Correspondence to Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju.

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Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju has a patent that is pending titled “Systems and Methods for Conducting Nutritional Health Risk Assessments and Adapting Risk Analyses Based on Actual Health Outcomes” (US Application No. 63/344,293). The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Tholla, T.S., Sawicki, C.M. & Bhupathiraju, S. The Intersection Between COVID-19, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diet: a Review. Curr Atheroscler Rep 25, 643–652 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-023-01138-7

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