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Aeroallergens in Atopic Dermatitis and Chronic Urticaria

  • Allergic Skin Diseases (L Fonacier, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

While aeroallergens are a well-established trigger of asthma and allergic rhinitis, their role in allergic skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria remains controversial. This paper reviews the pathophysiology and clinical evidence for aeroallergens in these allergic skin diseases and summarizes current strategies for evaluation and management.

Recent Findings

Current evidence implicates aeroallergens as triggers of cutaneous reactions in atopic dermatitis. Direct skin contact is the likely route of trigger. Aeroallergens may also trigger chronic urticaria, though mechanistic studies are limited. These allergens may cross the skin barrier and directly trigger neurons to release substance P, resulting in mast cell degranulation and dumping of histamine and prostaglandin D2. Many studies link aeroallergen sensitization to chronic urticaria, and case reports suggest the utility of avoidance strategies.

Summary

The role of aeroallergens as a trigger is clear in atopic dermatitis and becoming emergent in chronic urticaria. Skin prick testing or serum-specific immunoglobulin E testing may be used to determine sensitivities. Management at this time centers on avoidance, and further studies are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of aeroallergen immunotherapy for both conditions.

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No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript; Dr. Ong is supported in part by the Albert and Bettie Sacchi Foundation.

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  1. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Albert C. Chong & Peck Y. Ong

  2. Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA

    Won Jong Chwa

  3. Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Peck Y. Ong

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  1. Albert C. Chong
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ACC, WJC, and PYO performed the literature review. ACC drafted the manuscript. PYO and WJC edited the manuscript. ACC, WJC, and PYO drafted the figures. WJC computerized the figures.

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Correspondence to Peck Y. Ong.

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Chong, A.C., Chwa, W.J. & Ong, P.Y. Aeroallergens in Atopic Dermatitis and Chronic Urticaria. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 22, 67–75 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-022-01033-2

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