Abstract
The Central-West region of Brazil presents three important and large ecosystems: the Amazon, the Cerrado, and the Pantanal biomes. Different anthropogenic activities (e.g., biomass burning and land use) affect this area, emitting particulate matter (PM) that can be transported to urban sites, adding to the local vehicular sources. Sampling of atmospheric particulate material with a size less than and equal to 10 μm (PM10) was carried out in the medium-sized city of Cuiabá (Brazil), between 2008 and 2014. The maximum concentrations of PM10 were found in the dry season, surpassing the recommended levels by the World Health Organization. A slight seasonal variation was found between the concentrations of organic carbon, elemental carbon, elements, and water-soluble ions (WSI), with higher levels in the dry season, enhanced by biomass burning and dust resuspension. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives (nitro and oxy-PAHs), and some n-alkanes showed similar behaviors in the dry and rainy seasons, with higher abundance of carcinogenic PAHs compared to the rest of the polyaromatics. Total incremental lifetime cancer risks due to exposure to PAHs were found to exceed the safety level. Based on the application of diagnostic ratios and the positive matrix factorization receptor model, biomass burning, soil and road dust resuspension, vehicular exhaust, and mining activities were pointed out as emission sources. These results allow us to better understand the aerosol sources that contribute to the worsening of air quality in a growing urban area.
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Data Availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available upon request.
References
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the Ministry of the Environment of the State of Mato Grosso (SEMA) for the samples (especially to Sérgio Batista de Figueiredo).
Funding
Yendry Jomolca Parra thanks CNPq (project: 155685 / 2016-3, Project 870031 / 2003-1) for the grants. Guilherme M. Pereira thanks FAPESP for grants #16/18438-0, #18/07848-9, and 19/01316-8. The financial support to CESAM by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+ LA/P/0094/2020), through national funds, is also acknowledged. Pérola C. Vasconcellos thanks CNPq (grants 301503/2018-4).
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Parra, Y.J., Pereira, G.M., Custódio, D. et al. Aerosol characterization in a Central-West site of Brazil: influence of farming activities and toxicity. Air Qual Atmos Health 17, 599–620 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-023-01467-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-023-01467-1