Abstract
Water vapor condenses on the surface of ground objects at night with atmospheric particles functioning as condensation nuclei, forming dew, which is a temporary sink of water vapor and pollutants (particles, gases, etc.). Dew is transferred from sink to source in the dew evaporation process, thereby releasing pollutants, which may affect the near-surface atmospheric air quality. Based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model, this paper established an evaluation index system including 13 indexes to analyze and evaluate the environmental effects of dew evaporation from pressure, state, and response aspects. The synthetic weight method (analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy) was used to obtain parameter weights. The comprehensive evaluation index (E) was determined to quantitatively evaluate the environmental effects of dew evaporation events during the plant growth period (May to October) in the Changchun green area in 2021. The results indicated that the dew evaporation intensity was the lowest in May and June and the highest in September due to the relative humidity (RH) effect. The dry evaporation process was the slowest in July and August due to the wind speed, and the evaporation time lasted up to 5 h. The weights of the pressure, state, and response layers were 0.1072–0.1486, 0.2261–0.2863, and 0.5811–0.6262, respectively. HONO, RH, particles with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or smaller than 10 μm (PM10), NH3, and PM2.5 contributed more than 0.50 to environmental effects. Among these factors, HONO contributed the most, namely 0.1393–0.1975. The average E values were 0.5563 ± 0.1128 and 0.5274 ± 0.0992 at an evaporation intensity lower and higher, respectively, than 0.02 mm. Dew evaporation events could negatively affect the near-surface atmospheric environment.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Yingying Xu and Hongzhao Liu participated in material preparation, data collection and model analysis. Yingying Xu wrote the manuscript, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Chenzhuo Jia provided editorial advice. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Xu, Y., Liu, H. & Jia, C. Evaluation of the environmental effects of dew evaporation based on the PSR model. Air Qual Atmos Health 16, 311–325 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01274-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01274-0