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A bridge between tourism and nature conservation: boardwalks effects on coastal dune vegetation

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Abstract

Several regulatory and management tools are commonly used to prevent negative effects of human trampling on sand dune habitats, but few studies have attempted to evaluate the effects of boardwalks on dune vegetation. We aimed to evaluate changes of species richness and cover, floristic composition and ecological functional guilds among different dune habitats 2 years after the boardwalks had been established, highlighting those habitats mainly affected by these changes. In a Special Protection Area of Molise region (Italy), we sampled 53 square plots before the installation of five wooden boardwalks (control plots) and 57 plots after the boardwalks had been set up (testing plot), across the whole dune system ranging from the upper beach to the pine forest. We compared species richness through rarefaction curves, considering two plant functional groups: focal species (characteristic and diagnostic) and ruderal/exotic species. We finally compared florist composition and cover changes between time intervals, dune habitats and functional groups. In all habitats the total plant richness of testing plots was higher than in the control plots. In beach and mobile dunes habitat focal species drive the increase in both species’ richness and cover. Dune grasslands proved to be the most affected by the presence of ruderal and exotic species, while the more stable fixed dunes habitat was less affected by species changes. Only 2 years after the boardwalks having been set up, we have found a rapid recovery since human trampling was limited. The use of boardwalks could be an effective tool for reducing negative impact of bathing tourism on coastal dunes and requires little and inexpensive maintenance.

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Acknowledgements

The study was partially funded by the project LIFE NAT/IT/000262 MAESTRALE (Azioni MirAtE al ripriSTino e alla conservazione degli habitat dunali e RetrodunAli in MoLisE). We are grateful to Silvia Del Vecchio, Federica Roscioni, Francesco Iannotta, Ludovico Frate, Valentina Calabrese and Michela Scirocco for their help in the field and in the laboratory activities. We would like to thank the useful comments of the anonymous reviewer that significantly improved the manuscript.

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  1. Science Department, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy

    Irene Prisco & Alicia T. R. Acosta

  2. Department of Biosciences and Territory, Molise University, Via Hertz, 86090, Pesche, Isernia, Italy

    Irene Prisco & Angela Stanisci

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  1. Irene Prisco
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Conceived and designed the experiments: IP, AA, AS. Analyzed the data: IP. Wrote the manuscript: IP, AA, AS. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Irene Prisco.

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Prisco, I., Acosta, A.T.R. & Stanisci, A. A bridge between tourism and nature conservation: boardwalks effects on coastal dune vegetation. J Coast Conserv 25, 14 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-021-00809-4

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