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Viscoelastic Moduli and Path-Dependent Hardness Across Four Decades of Timescale in Semicrystalline Polymers from Berkovich Nanoindentation

  • Quantifying Rate Sensitive Deformation Measured from Continuous Indentation
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Abstract

Berkovich nanoindentation was used to characterize viscoelastic and viscoplastic deformations in the semicrystalline polymers, poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and low density polyethylene (LDPE). The quasistatic experiments generated viscoelastic moduli over four decades in frequency and hardness over more than four decades of indentation strain rate. These semicrystalline polymer results augment analogous results previously obtained from the amorphous polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, and polystyrene. Although nanoindentation viscoelastic moduli were all systematically higher than those from conventional measurements, viscoelastic moduli from nanoindentation and conventional measurements followed the same trends with frequency, which indicated that both types of measurements are sensitive to the same microphysical processes giving rise to the viscoelasticity. Differences in the path dependence of hardness were observed between polymers and attributed to differences in polymer glass transition temperatures. Flow stress versus strain rate data were also calculated from hardness versus indentation strain rate data and compared to literature values. Flow stress versus strain rate obtained from both nanoindentation and conventional uniaxial experiments agreed very closely. Collectively, the comparisons between nanoindentation and conventional measurements over wide timescales further confirmed that viscoelastic and viscoplastic deformations characterized by Berkovich nanoindentation can be related back to conventional measurements and have similar mechanistic interpretations.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. We acknowledge the machine shop at the Forest Products Laboratory for machining the PEEK specimens. We also acknowledge Ken Smith from the Forest Products Laboratory for helping to perform PEEK DMA experiments. DSS acknowledges funding by the United States National Science Foundation Directorate for Engineering (CMMI-1232731), United States Forest Service (18-JV-11111129-036), and Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (MSN215857).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forest Biopolymers Science and Engineering, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, 53726, USA

    Joseph E. Jakes & Jane O’dell

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Donald S. Stone

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  1. Joseph E. Jakes
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Jakes, J.E., O’dell, J. & Stone, D.S. Viscoelastic Moduli and Path-Dependent Hardness Across Four Decades of Timescale in Semicrystalline Polymers from Berkovich Nanoindentation. JOM 76, 2956–2969 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-024-06551-0

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