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A Pathway to Optimal Multivariate Synthesis of Fe2O3-CuO Bimetal Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles: Transformation Through Mathematical Modelling

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Abstract

Controlled and multivariate synthesis of Fe2O3-CuO bimetallic oxide nanoparticles is achieved by coprecipitation method with different concentrations of iron and copper oxide, followed by their optimization at specific pH, temperature, and time of addition of reagent. Concentration studies revealed changes in spectral band position to a hyperchromic shift with relevant increase in the concentration of CuO (100%). Hybrids with higher CuO concentration lead to hybrids with smaller size and higher stability. Temperature-dependent synthesis of bimetallic hybrid oxide nanoparticles showed an increase in size at higher temperatures, while at lower temperatures, stable oxide particles are observed. For pH-dependent synthesis, controlled size is observed at higher pH. Increasing the time of addition of reactant for optimized synthesis of bimetallic oxide nanoparticles showed a gradual decrease in size, hence better control. The results of size and zeta potential are transformed by the application of probability distribution function and grow-decay model.

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Acknowledgements

The research described in this paper was financially supported by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan under the National Research Program for Universities with reference no. 20-3369/R&D/HEC/14/978 awarded to Dr. Ahson Jabbar Shaikh (principal investigator) and reference no. 20-14582/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2021 2021 awarded to Dr. Bilal Ahmad Zafar Amin (principal investigator) and Dr. Ahson Jabbar Shaikh (co- principal investigator).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad - Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, KPK, Pakistan

    Ambreen Sarfraz, Muhammad Usman, Nasira Hussain, Shanza Shafaat, Asad Muhammad Khan & Ahson Jabbar Shaikh

  2. Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad - Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, KPK, Pakistan

    Zakir Hussain

  3. Energy Research Center, COMSATS University Islamabad - Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

    Bilal Ahmad Zafar Amin

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  1. Ambreen Sarfraz
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  2. Muhammad Usman
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Contributions

Ambreen Sarfraz: Bench work, characterization, and initial draft preparation. Muhammad Usman, Nasira Hussain, Shanza Shafaat: Bench work and characterization. Asad Muhammad Khan: UV–Vis absorbance and fluorescence emission spectroscopic analysis. Zakir Hussain: Mathematical modeling. Bilal Ahmad Zafar Amin: Supervision. Ahson Jabbar Shaikh: Conceptualization, Visualization, Methodology, Investigation, Supervision, Writing, Reviewing, Editing, and Validation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ahson Jabbar Shaikh.

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Sarfraz, A., Usman, M., Hussain, N. et al. A Pathway to Optimal Multivariate Synthesis of Fe2O3-CuO Bimetal Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles: Transformation Through Mathematical Modelling. JOM (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-024-06423-7

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