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Oxide Scale Development in a Ni-16 Cr-4.5 Al Alloy for Short Exposure Times

  • Corrosion and Protection of Materials at High Temperatures
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Abstract

Nickel-base alloys are used in high-temperature applications due to their favorable mechanical properties and oxidation behavior. Some of these alloys are designed to form a protective aluminum oxide scale to achieve oxidation resistance. In some oxidizing environments, water vapor is also present. However, only limited data are available regarding the effects of water vapor on the oxidation behavior of alumina-forming alloys (“alumina formers”), especially for early stage oxidation. Moreover, the currently available mechanisms for dry oxidation of alumina formers propose different pathways leading up to the final morphology of the oxide scale. In this study, the early oxidation behavior of an alumina former (UNS N07214) in dry and humid air was conducted at 1000°C for different exposure times (1 min to 100 h). Detailed examination of the surface of this alloy reveals that an alumina film is initially (1–10 min) formed in both dry and humid conditions. For longer exposure times (1–10 h), this initial alumina film is disrupted by the formation of chromia and nickel oxide/nickel chromite islands in both cases. Subsequently, for 100 h exposures, a continuous alumina scale is re-established. A mechanism to explain the observed phenomena is proposed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge technical assistance from Kentaro Lunn, Harjot Singh, Eric Quach, Ananda Gutierrez, Ulus Ekerman, Joey Tulpinski, and Anan S. Hamdan (Cal Poly Pomona). The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Ms. Sylvia Hall, the LA section of NACE International Western States Corrosion Seminar, Western Area of NACE International, the NACE Foundation, California Steel Industries Inc., the Boeing Company, Chevron Corporation and the Southern California Chapter of the Association for Iron & Steel Technology. The SEM images and EDS analysis were made possible through an NSF MRI grant DMR-1429674.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. California State Polytechnic University, Pomona 3801 W. Temple Ave., Pomona, CA, 91768, USA

    Nicholas Ury, Annette Wagner & Vilupanur Ravi

  2. Haynes Intl., 1020 W. Park Ave., Kokomo, IN, 46901, USA

    Vinay Deodeshmukh

  3. Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan

    Shigenari Hayashi

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  1. Nicholas Ury
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  5. Vilupanur Ravi
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Correspondence to Vilupanur Ravi.

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Ury, N., Wagner, A., Deodeshmukh, V. et al. Oxide Scale Development in a Ni-16 Cr-4.5 Al Alloy for Short Exposure Times. JOM 73, 3974–3987 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04967-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04967-6

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