Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimization of a Gelatin–Potassium Phosphate Aqueous Two-Phase System for the Preparation of Hydrogel Microspheres

  • Protein-Based Structural Materials
  • Published:
JOM Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An aqueous two-phase system provides a simple route toward the preparation of gelatin emulsions. Here, we present a simple method to generate water-in-water (w/w) emulsions from an aqueous two-phase system: gelatin and potassium phosphate (K2HPO4) salt. Liquid gelatin forms as the dispersed phase of the two-phase emulsion system, and gelatin microspheres can be retrieved after a visible light-induced crosslinking reaction. We investigated the effect of the continuous phase volume ratio on the formation of the phase-separation and emulsification process. We also studied the influence of the polymerization method on the size and morphology of gelatin hydrogel particles. The results demonstrated that K2HPO4 is an appropriate phase-forming salt, where biodegradable gelatin particles obtained through this w/w emulsion system have potential for biomedical applications. In addition, sustained release of a model molecule, methylene blue, was observed for up to 5 days from gelatin particles. This system is advantageous because if provides an inexpensive emulsion platform that avoids the use of organic solvents or auxiliary polymers to form a continuous phase.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. Cetin, I. Vural, A. Atila, and Y. Kadioglu, Turk. J. Chem. 34, 509 (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  2. K.D. Barut, F.F.C. Ari, and F. Oner, Turk. J. Chem. 29, 27 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  3. P. Erkoc, A. Cingoz, T.B. Onder, S. Kizilel, Macromol. Biosci. 17, 1600267 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Mahapatro and D.K. Singh, J. Nanobiotechnol. 9, 55 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. P. Erkoc, F. Seker, T. Bagci-Onder, and S. Kizilel, Macromol. Biosci. 18, 1700369 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. O. Franssen and W.E. Hennink, Int. J. Pharm. 168, 1 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. R.J.H. Stenekes, O. Franssen, E.M.G. van Bommel, D.J.A. Crommelin, and W.E. Hennink, Int. J. Pharm. 183, 29 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Y. Toshio, H. Mitsuru, M. Shozo, and S. Hitoshi, Int. J. Pharm. 8, 131 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. M. Nagae, T. Ikeda, Y. Mikami, H. Hase, H. Ozawa, K. Matsuda, H. Sakamoto, Y. Tabata, M. Kawata, and T. Kubo, Tissue Eng. 13, 147 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. M.G. Cascone, L. Lazzeri, C. Carmignani, and Z. Zhu, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 13, 523 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R. Jeyanthi and K.P. Rao, Int. J. Pharm. 35, 177 (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. J. Esquena, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 25, 109 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. A.C. Okur, P. Erkoc, and S. Kizilel, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 147, 191 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. B. Marcos Luciano, J. Mariana Volpato, B.-P. Fernanda Belincanta, Y. Tao, A. Gavin Paul, and J. David Simon, Curr. Drug Deliv. 15, 64 (2018).

    Google Scholar 

  15. C.R. Ding, S.M. Xu, J.D. Wang, Y. Liu, P. Chen, and S. Feng, Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 32, 670 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Iqbal, Y. Tao, S. Xie, Y. Zhu, D. Chen, X. Wang, L. Huang, D. Peng, A. Sattar, M.A.B. Shabbir, H.I. Hussain, S. Ahmed, and Z. Yuan, Biol. Proced. Online 18, 18 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. R.R. Soares, A.M. Azevedo, J.M. Van Alstine, and M.R. Aires-Barros, Biotechnol. J. 10, 1158 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. A.J. Kuijpers, G.H. Engbers, J. Krijgsveld, S.A. Zaat, J. Dankert, and J. Feijen, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 11, 225 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. A.J. Kuijpers, G.H.M. Engbers, J. Feijen, S.C. De Smedt, T.K.L. Meyvis, J. Demeester, J. Krijgsveld, S.A.J. Zaat, and J. Dankert, Macromolecules 32, 3325 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. N. Adhirajan, N. Shanmugasundaram, and M. Babu, J. Microencapsul. 24, 659 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. A.C.K. Sato, F.A. Perrechil, A.A.S. Costa, R.C. Santana, and R.L. Cunha, Food Res. Int. 75, 244 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Mooney and W.E. Wolstenholme, J. Appl. Phys. 25, 1098 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. X. Liu, C. Zhang, T. Xiong, D. Chen, and A. Zhong, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 106, 1448 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. A.A. Umar, I.B.M. Saaid, and A.A. Sulaimon, AIP Conf. Proc. 1774, 040004 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Y. Beldengrün, J. Aragon, S.F. Prazeres, G. Montalvo, J. Miras, and J. Esquena, Langmuir 34, 9731 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. K.R. Stevens, N.J. Einerson, J.A. Burmania, and W.J. Kao, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 13, 1353 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. J.P. Tardivo, A. Del Giglio, C.S. de Oliveira, D.S. Gabrielli, H.C. Junqueira, D.B. Tada, D. Severino, R. de Fátima Turchiello, and M.S. Baptista, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther. 2, 175 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. J.A. Carvalho, A.S. Abreu, V.T.P. Ferreira, E.P. Gonçalves, A.C. Tedesco, J.G. Pinto, J. Ferreira-Strixino, M. Beltrame Junior, and A.R. Simioni, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 29, 1287 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Seda Kizilel acknowledges Koc University Seed Fund Program (SF.00028).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir University, 34349, Istanbul, Turkey

    Pelin Erkoc

  2. Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey

    Nihal Olcay Dogan & Seda Kizilel

Authors
  1. Pelin Erkoc
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nihal Olcay Dogan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Seda Kizilel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seda Kizilel.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 215 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Erkoc, P., Dogan, N.O. & Kizilel, S. Optimization of a Gelatin–Potassium Phosphate Aqueous Two-Phase System for the Preparation of Hydrogel Microspheres. JOM 71, 1264–1270 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03328-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03328-8

Search

Navigation