Abstract
The safe disposal of coal combustion residues (CCRs) will remain a major public issue as long as coal is used as a fuel for energy production. Both dry and wet disposal methods of CCRs create serious environmental problems. The dry disposal method creates air pollution initially, and the wet disposal method creates water pollution as a result of the presence of trace and heavy metals. These leached heavy metals from fly ash may become more hazardous when they form toxic compounds such as arsenic sulfite (As2S3) and lead nitrate (N2O6Pb). The available studies on trace and heavy metals present in CCRs cannot ensure environmentally safe utilization. In this work, a novel approach has been offered for the retrieval of trace and heavy metals from CCRs. If the proposed method becomes successful, then the recovered trace and heavy metals may become a resource and environmentally safe use of CCRs may be possible.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V.C. Pandey, J.S. Singh, R.P. Singh, N. Singh, and M. Yunus, Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 55, 819 (2011).
H. Ahmaruzzaman, Prog. Energy Combust. 36, 327 (2010).
M. Karuppiah and G. Gupta, J. Hazard. Mater. 56, 53 (1997).
A. Das, M.K. Jain, and G. Singh, Int. J. Earth. Sci. Eng. 5, 305 (2013).
A. Sarkar, R. Rano, G. Udaybhanu, and A.K. Basu, Fuel Process. Technol. 87, 259 (2006).
A. Ugurlu, Environ. Geol. 46, 890 (2004).
A. Kumar and S.R. Samadder, Environ. Monit. Assess. 187, 370 (2015).
Z.T. Yao, X.S. Ji, P.K. Sarker, J.H. Tang, L.Q. Ge, M.S. Xia, and Y.Q. Xi, Earth-Sci. Rev. 141, 105 (2015).
R.S. Blissett and N.A. Rowson, Fuel 97, 1 (2012).
Z.T. Yao, M.S. Xia, P.K. Sarker, and T. Chen, Fuel 120, 74 (2014).
R.H. Matjie, J.R. Bunt, and J.H.P. van Heerden, Miner. Eng. 18, 299 (2005).
N. Nayak and C.R. Panda, Fuel 89, 53 (2010).
A. Shemi, R.N. Mpana, S. Ndlovu, L.D. van Dyk, V. Sibanda, and L. Seepe, Miner. Eng. 34, 30 (2012).
A. Ghosh, J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 22, 343 (2010).
S. Sushil and V.S. Batra, Fuel 85, 2676 (2006).
L. Ruhl, A. Vengosh, G.S. Dwyer, H. Hsu-Kim, A.R. Schwartz, and S.D. Smith, Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 12226 (2012).
European Coal Combustion Products Association (ECOBA), http://www.ecoba.com/. Accessed April 2016.
J. Hanlon, Memorandum (Washington, DC: U.S Environmental Protection Agency, 2010).
A. Malik and A. Thapliyal, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 333 (2009).
C.J. Morati, K.W. Wiken, O.E. Manz, and C.A. Wentz, in Proceedings of American Institute of Chemical Engineers National Meeting, paper 41e (1987).
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Ministry of Environment and Forests Notification (September 14, 1999), Government of India, New Delhi (1999).
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Ministry of Environment and Forests Notification (November 3, 2009), Government of India, New Delhi (2009).
American Coal Ash Association (ACAA), https://www.acaa-usa.org/Portals/9/Files/PDFs/2008_ACAA_CCP_Survey_Report_FINAL_100509.pdf. Accessed March 2016.
R.S. Iyer and J.A. Scott, Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 31, 217 (2001).
P.K. Mehta, in Proceedings of 3rd International Conference of American Concrete Research Institute, Detroit, 1 (1989).
T. Ohtake, K. Uchida, F. Ikazaki, M. Kawamura, T. Ohkubo, and K. Kamiya, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 99, 239 (1991).
L. Barbieri, I. Isabella, T. Manfredini, I. Querait, J. Ma-Rincon, and M. Romero, Fuel 78, 271 (1999).
P.A. Jarvala and P.K. Jarvala, J. Mater. Sci. 31, 3853 (1999).
R.Q. Guo, P.K. Rohatgi, and D. Nath, J. Mater. Sci. 32, 3971 (1997).
D.M. Golden and R.P. Wilder, US Department Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center (Report) DOE METC 85-6018, vol. 2 (Morgantown, 1985), p. 733.
C.A. Pickles, A. Mclean, C.N. Alcock, and Z.N. Nikolic, Can. Metall. Q. 29, 193 (1990).
G.P. Dasmahaputra, T.K. Pal, and B. Bhattacharya, Chem. Eng. Technol. 21, 89 (1998).
D.J. O’Connor, in Proceedings of 13th Australian Chemical Engineering Conference (Chemeca 85), (Perth, 1985), p. 127.
M. Kuniaki, K. Nishikawa, T. Ozaki, K. Machida, G. Adachi, and T. Suda, J. Alloy. Compd. 264, 151 (1998).
R. Moriyamaa, S. Takedab, M. Onozakia, Y. Katayamaa, K. Shiotac, T. Fukudac, H. Sugihara, and Y. Tani, Fuel 84, 1455 (2005).
M.J. Quina, J.C. Bordado, and R.M. Quinta, Waste Manag. 28, 2097 (2008).
P.O. Auer, B. Eichler, C. Ludwing, S. Stucki, and J. Wochele, in 4th World Congress—Recovery, Recycling, Re-Integration, vol IV (1999), p. 328.
A. Jakob, S. Stucki, and P. Kuhn, Environ. Sci. Technol. 29, 2429 (1995).
A. Jakob, S. Stucki, and R.W. Struis, Environ. Sci. Technol. 30, 3275 (1996).
S. Stucki and A. Jakob, Waste Manag. 17, 231 (1997).
S. Donatelloa and C.R. Cheeseman, Waste Manag. 33, 2328 (2013).
E. Nazari, F. Rashchi, M. Saba, and S.M.J. Mirazimi, Waste Manag. 34, 2687 (2014).
M.A. Al-ghouti, Y.S. Al-degs, A. Ghrair, H. Khoury, and M. Ziedan, Chem. Eng. J. 173, 191 (2011).
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the support provided by the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, for carrying out the research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, A., Samadder, S.R. & Elumalai, S.P. Recovery of Trace and Heavy Metals from Coal Combustion Residues for Reuse and Safe Disposal: A Review. JOM 68, 2413–2417 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-1981-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-1981-3