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The Effect of Operational Parameters on the Characteristics of Gas–Solid Flow Inside the COREX Shaft Furnace

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Abstract

The COREX shaft furnace is of great importance to the whole C-3000 process. There are many problems with the operation of the COREX shaft furnace, especially with gas and burden distribution, that have as yet been little studied. The present work establishes a three-dimensional quarter model. After validation by operating data in Baosteel, the model is used to investigate the gas utilization rate and the metallization rate of the COREX shaft furnace. The parameters, including the reducing gas flow, the volume fraction of gas phase, and the multilayered burden, are systematically investigated. The results show that the reducing gas flow has a great influence on the gas utilization rate and the metallization rate, while the volume fraction of gas phase has a more significant effect on the metallization rate than on the gas utilization rate. In order to obtain a higher metallization rate, the reducing gas flow needs to be adjusted step by step and the volume fraction of gas phase needs to be increased. In addition, ore and coke need to be discharged separately in order to increase the solid metallization rate.

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Abbreviations

C P,p :

Specific heat capacity of phase p, J kg−1 K−1

d s :

Solid particle diameter, m

E gs :

Volumetric heat flux, J m−3

f s :

Friction coefficient, –

\( \overrightarrow {F}_{\text{gs}} \) :

Gas–solid drag force, N

\( \overrightarrow {F}_{\text{w}} \) :

Wall friction force, N

\( \overrightarrow {g} \) :

Gravitational acceleration, m s−2

H n :

Specific enthalpy of reaction n, J kg−1

H p :

Specific enthalpy of phase p, J kg−1

\( \overline{\overline{I}} \) :

Identity tensor, –

k g :

Thermal conductivity of gas phase, W m−1 K−1

K p :

Equilibrium constant of reaction n, –

M i :

Molecular weight of specie i, kg kmol−1

P :

Pressure, Pa

Prg :

Prandtl number, –

R 1, R 2 :

Diameter of inner and outer wall of annular pipe, m

Res :

Relative Reynolds number based on the diameter of the solid particle, –

R n :

Rate of reduction reaction n, kmol m−3 s−1

S ϕ :

Source term for variable ϕ in Eq. 1

T p :

Temperature of phase p, K

\( \overrightarrow {v}_{\text{p}} \) :

Physical velocity of phase p, m s−1

ε p :

Volume fraction of phase p, –

ρ p :

Density of phase p, kg m−3

ϕ :

General dependent variable in Eq. 1

Γ ϕ :

Diffusion coefficient for variable ϕ in Eq. 1

μ p :

Viscosity of phase p, kg m−1 s−1

φ i :

Mole fraction of specie i, –

\( \overline{\overline{\tau }}_{p} \) :

Stress tensor of phase p, Pa

ωi :

Mass fraction of specie i, –

g:

Gas

s:

Solid

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the reviewers and editors for their comments and suggestions, Dr Jian Xu from Chongqing University for suggestions on this work, Dr. Mark Buck from University of Science and Technology Beijing for correcting language, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1260202) and the Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Programs of Higher Education (No. 20120006110002) for their financial support and the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for providing a scholarship for Mr Mingyin Kou to study at the University of Queensland.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China

    Mingyin Kou, Shengli Wu, Kaiping Du & Wei Shen

  2. School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

    Mingyin Kou, Xiaodong Ma, Mao Chen & Baojun Zhao

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  1. Mingyin Kou
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  2. Shengli Wu
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Correspondence to Mingyin Kou.

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Kou, M., Wu, S., Du, K. et al. The Effect of Operational Parameters on the Characteristics of Gas–Solid Flow Inside the COREX Shaft Furnace. JOM 67, 459–466 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-1198-2

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