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Multiscale X-ray and Proton Imaging of Bismuth-Tin Solidification

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Abstract

The formation of structural patterns during metallic solidification is complex and multiscale in nature, ranging from the nanometer scale, where solid–liquid interface properties are important, to the macroscale, where casting mold filling and intended heat transfer are crucial. X-ray and proton imaging can directly interrogate structure, solute, and fluid flow development in metals from the microscale to the macroscale. X-rays permit high spatio-temporal resolution imaging of microscopic solidification dynamics in thin metal sections. Similarly, high-energy protons permit imaging of mesoscopic and macroscopic solidification dynamics in large sample volumes. In this article, we highlight multiscale x-ray and proton imaging of bismuth-tin alloy solidification to illustrate dynamic measurement of crystal growth rates and solute segregation profiles that can be that can be acquired using these techniques.

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Acknowledgements

We thank B.J. Hollander, A. Saunders, C.J. Espinoza, C. Danly, the pRad Team, T.V. Beard, R.W. Hudson, B.S. Folks, D.A. Aragon, T.J. Tucker, J.C. Cooley, and K.D. Clarke (LANL) and A. Deriy (ANL-APS) for providing experimental support. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under A.J. Clarke’s Early Career Award. Use of the APS, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357; x-ray data were collected at the Sector 32-ID-C beamline. We also acknowledge Los Alamos National Security, LLC, operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC52-06NA25396. This work also benefited from the use of the Proton Radiography Facility, a user facility at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory, sponsored primarily by NNSA Science Campaigns.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663 , Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA

    P. J. Gibbs, S. D. Imhoff, C. L. Morris, F. E. Merrill, C. H. Wilde, P. Nedrow, F. G. Mariam & A. J. Clarke

  2. Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA

    K. Fezzaa

  3. Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000 , Upton, NY, 11973, USA

    W.-K. Lee

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  1. P. J. Gibbs
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  2. S. D. Imhoff
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Correspondence to A. J. Clarke.

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Gibbs, P.J., Imhoff, S.D., Morris, C.L. et al. Multiscale X-ray and Proton Imaging of Bismuth-Tin Solidification. JOM 66, 1485–1492 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-1058-0

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