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State-of-the-Art Load Balancing Algorithms for Mist-Fog-Cloud Assisted Paradigm: A Review and Future Directions

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Abstract

The rapid growth of IoT devices leads to increasing requests. These tremendous requests cannot be processed by IoT devices due to the computational power of IoT devices and the disparate requirements of requests. Cloud computing seemed appealing to service these requests due to its remarkable characteristics. However, the physical gap between the Cloud datacenter and IoT devices causes a huge latency overhead. Furthermore, the centralized datacenter also experiences tremendous power consumption. Therefore, the Fog computing layer is introduced as a complementary layer to Cloud computing in between the IoT and the Cloud layer. Fog computing appears as cutting-edge technology to leverage the large computations in the Fog layer, thereby minimizing the latency gap and the power consumption of the datacenters. A Mist layer is placed in between the Fog and IoT layer to enable routing of the requests to Fog nodes and Cloud virtual machines. Many articles propose different load balancing strategies to distribute the loads uniformly in both Fog and Cloud layers. This contribution considers a wide spectrum of reviews as well as research articles into consideration ranging from 2010 to 2022. Besides, a layered architecture is proposed considering the IoT, Mist, Fog, and Cloud layers. Furthermore, research queries are analyzed and answered about the load balancing for these evolving paradigms, critical issues and challenges, and future directions. It is believed that this contribution would be a helping hand for the nascent researchers to get an insight into evolving paradigms, algorithms, issues, challenges, and future directions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Small Groups Project under grant number RGP.1/142/43.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India

    Subhranshu Sekhar Tripathy & Diptendu Sinha Roy

  2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Kaushik Mishra

  3. College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

    Kusum Yadav & Ali Alferaidi

  4. Business Information Technology Division, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Wattana Viriyasitavat

  5. King Khalid University Abha, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    J. Sharmila

  6. Department of Computer Science, Government Bikram College of Commerce, Patiala, India

    Gaurav Dhiman

  7. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon

    Gaurav Dhiman

  8. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India

    Gaurav Dhiman

  9. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248002, India

    Gaurav Dhiman

  10. School of Computer Applications, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India

    Rabindra K. Barik

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Tripathy, S.S., Mishra, K., Roy, D.S. et al. State-of-the-Art Load Balancing Algorithms for Mist-Fog-Cloud Assisted Paradigm: A Review and Future Directions. Arch Computat Methods Eng 30, 2725–2760 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-023-09885-1

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