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Not all in the same boat: trends and mechanisms in herbivory responses to forest fragmentation differ among insect guilds

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Abstract

Habitat fragmentation can alter fundamental ecological interactions such as insect herbivory. Few studies of habitat fragmentation effects on herbivory have examined the mechanisms involved, and differences among insect guilds have been largely ignored. Here, we studied area and edge effects on herbivory by three guilds of phytophagous insects in a fragmented Chaco Serrano forest. We estimated herbivory levels on native Croton lachnostachyus plants and assessed plant availability (distance to nearest conspecific) and quality indicators (leaf water, carbon and nitrogen content), as well as richness and abundance of the associated insect community, in order to explore mechanisms underlying herbivory changes. Herbivory by chewing and sap-sucking insects decreased, and herbivory by leaf miners increased in plants growing at the forest edge, compared with those at the interior. Forest area effects were detected only in interaction with edge effects on chewing, leaf mining and total herbivory. Lower herbivory at the edge appeared to be mediated by changes in leaf water and nitrogen content for sap-sucking herbivory, and linked to strong direct effects for chewing damage and total herbivory. Instead, higher damage levels by leaf miners at the forest edge seemed to be driven by increased plant availability and lower water content. Further studies are needed to unravel the factors involved in the strong direct effects detected here for all herbivory types. These results emphasize the necessity to consider differential responses from diverse phytophagous insect guilds, and factors operating at multiple levels, in order to disentangle, and ultimately understand, forest fragmentation effects on herbivory.

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Acknowledgments

Authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, both of which support facilities used in this investigation; we also thank landowners (Estancia Santo Domingo) for giving us access to forest remnants. Special thanks to Maria Silvina Fenoglio for statistical assistance. We are thankful to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. This research was supported by FONCYT, CONICET, and SECYT-UNC. G.V. and A.S. are research members and M.R.R. and E.G. are grant students of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET).

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  1. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Avenida Vélez Sársfield 1611, X5016GCA, Córdoba, Argentina

    María Rosa Rossetti, Ezequiel González, Adriana Salvo & Graciela Valladares

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  1. María Rosa Rossetti
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  2. Ezequiel González
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Rossetti, M.R., González, E., Salvo, A. et al. Not all in the same boat: trends and mechanisms in herbivory responses to forest fragmentation differ among insect guilds. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 8, 593–603 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-014-9342-z

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