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An investigation on the effect of open hole number and scheme on single-phase flow of a swirl flow bubble generator

  • Transport Phenomena
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Abstract

A swirl flow bubble generator with a unique adjustment scheme was developed to adapt to liquid feed flow rate variation. However, a study on the scheme and flow field of the bubble generator has not been reported in the literature. Particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics were utilized to explore the flow field and adjustment scheme. The results showed that the standard k-ε model could more accurately describe the flow pattern than other turbulence models, and the pressure drop difference between experiments and simulations was less than 6%. A mathematical expression was established to quantitatively describe the relationship among the pressure drop, open hole number, and liquid flow rate. The pressure drop was proportional to the feed flow rate or inlet velocity square and inversely proportional to the power of 1.86 of the open hole number. Interestingly, the pressure drop of different open hole schemes with the same open hole number of 12 was close to 55 kPa. The spiral-bottom open hole schemes could provide a higher turbulent dissipation rate for both the vortex chamber and straight pipe section. This work can guide the bubble generator adjustment and fill the gap in this respect.

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Abbreviations

3D:

three-dimensional

CAD:

computer aided design

CCD:

charge coupled device

CFD:

computational fluid dynamics

CWT:

clean water technology

ICEM:

Integrated computer engineering and manufacturing

PBM:

population balance model

PISO:

pressure-implicit with splitting of operators

PIV:

particle image velocimetry

PRESTO:

pressure staggering option

QUICK:

quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinematics

RANS:

Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes

RNG:

renormalization group

RSM:

Reynolds stress model

SCDM:

SpaceClaim direct modeler

SST:

shear stress transport

A:

constant of proportional [-]

a, b:

model parameters [-]

d:

hole diameter [m]

Dci :

internal diameter of cavity [m]

Dco :

outer diameter of cavity [m]

Dia :

inlet diameter for gas phase [m]

Dil :

inlet diameter for liquid phase [m]

DMax :

maximum stable bubble diameter [m]

Do :

diameter of vortex chamber and straight pipe section [m]

\(\rm{D}_{T_{ij}}\) :

turbulent diffusion term in Reynolds Stress Model [kg/m/s3]

Eij :

time-averaged strain rate [1/s]

Fij :

production of system rotation term in Reynolds Stress Model [kg/m/s3]

Gk :

generation term of turbulent kinetic energy resulting from the mean velocity gradient [kg/m/s3]

Gω :

generation term of specific dissipation rate [kg/m3/s2]

H:

total height [m]

h:

height of the vortex chamber [m]

k:

proportional coefficient (—) or turbulent kinetic energy [m2/s2]

N:

open hole number [-]

p:

pressure [Pa]

Pij :

stress production term in Reynolds Stress Model [kg/m/s3]

Q:

Q criterion [1/s2]

Qlf :

liquid feed flow rate [m3/s]

r:

radial position [m]

R:

radius [m]

S:

spiral open hole scheme [-]

t:

time [s]

u:

velocity [m/s]

u0 :

liquid inlet velocity [m/s]

x:

space coordinate [m]

Yk :

dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy due to turbulence [kg/m/s3]

Yω :

dissipation of specific dissipation rate due to turbulence [kg/m3/s2]

Z:

axial position [m]

ΔP:

pressure drop [Pa]

α :

inclination angle of the holes [o]

ε :

turbulent dissipation rate [m2/s3]

ε ij :

dissipation term in Reynolds Stress Model [kg/m/s3]

θ :

angle of hole arrangement [o]

μ :

viscosity [Pa·s]

μ t :

turbulent viscosity [Pa·s]

ρ :

density [kg/m3]

σ :

surface tension [N/m]

σ k :

Prandtl number for turbulent kinetic energy k

σ ε :

Prandtl number for turbulent dissipation rate ε

ω :

specific dissipation rate [1/s]

ω k :

angular velocity [1/s]

\(\tilde{\Omega}_{ij}\) :

mean rate-of-rotation tensor [1/s]

φ ij :

pressure strain term in Reynolds Stress Model [kg/m/s3]

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the calculation resource provided by professor Jianguo Yu.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resource, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China

    Yuxue Wu, Hang Chen & Xingfu Song

  2. Joint International Laboratory for Potassium and Lithium Strategic Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China

    Yuxue Wu, Hang Chen & Xingfu Song

Authors
  1. Yuxue Wu
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  2. Hang Chen
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  3. Xingfu Song
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Hang Chen or Xingfu Song.

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Credit Author Contributions

Yuxue Wu: Methodology, Software, Writing-original draft. Hang Chen: Data curation, Formal analysis. Xingfu Song: Validation, Supervision, Writing-review & editing.

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Wu, Y., Chen, H. & Song, X. An investigation on the effect of open hole number and scheme on single-phase flow of a swirl flow bubble generator. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 40, 754–769 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-022-1343-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-022-1343-5

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