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Performance of TFN nanofiltration membranes through embedding internally modified titanate nanotubes

  • Separation Technology, Thermodynamics
  • Published:
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

High toxicity of water resources by heavy metal ions is common and membrane filtration is one the solutions to this problem. Titanate nanotubes (TNT) are generally used due to their unique characteristics such as meso-porous structure, and high specific surface area. In this study, the internal surface of TNT was coated through a novel in-situ polymerization method with various polymers to alter the property and size of inner surface of the nanotubes, and then was embedded in the polyamide layer of the nanofiltration membrane. The modified nanotubes were supposed to act as the channels for water transport and reject the multivalent/monovalent ions; this phenomenon was more pronounced in the modified nanotubes because of the reduction in inner diameter. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis were used to characterize the unmodified/modified nanotubes. Furthermore, the membranes were synthesized by in-situ interfacial polymerization of trimesoyl chloride and m-phenylenediamine containing 0.05 wt% nanotubes; the performance of the fabricated membranes in terms of pure water flux (PWF), contact angle, feed flux and Na+ and Cu2+ rejections was studied. Generally, incorporation of the modified nanotubes improved the trade-off between the permeation and rejection. Among the fabricated membranes, the maximum PWF was 26.13 L m−2 h−1 for the membrane containing 0.05 wt% polystyrene modified TNT, 71.23% more than neat thin film membrane and without any significant change in the rejection; that can be related to the hydrophilicity of the nanotube and the formation of small cavities on the membrane surface.

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Abbreviations

A:

effective membrane area

AFM:

atomic force microscopy

APS:

ammonium peroxydisulfate

BET:

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller

CA:

contact angle

CSA:

camphorsulfonic acid

DI:

deionized water

FESEM:

field emission scanning electron microscope

FTIR:

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

IP:

interfacial polymerization

l :

membrane thickness

MPD:

m-phenylenediamine

NF:

nanofiltration

NMP:

N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone

NPs:

nanoparticles

PA:

polyamide

PATNT12:

TNT12 coated with polyaniline

PDTNT12:

TNT12 coated with polydopamine

PSf:

polysulfone

PSTNT12:

TNT12 coated with polystyrene

PVP:

polyvinylpyrrolidone

Q:

permeation flow rate

rm :

meanporesize

RO:

reverse osmosis

SEM:

scanning electron microscope

TEA:

triethyleneamine

TEM:

transmission electron microscope

TFC:

thin film composite

TFN:

thin film nanocomposite

TMC:

trimesoyl chloride

TNT12:

titanate nanotubes

UF:

ultrafiltration

vm :

total volume of the pores

XRD:

X-ray powder diffraction

ε :

porosity

ρ w :

water density

ρp :

polymerdensity

η :

water viscosity

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Acknowledgement

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Babol Noshirvani University of Technology of Iran through research Grant No (BNUT/955150012/97).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Faculty, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran

    Zeynab Fallahnejad

  2. Advanced Membrane Research Lab, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran

    Gholamreza Bakeri

  3. Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

    Ahmad Fauzi Ismail

Authors
  1. Zeynab Fallahnejad
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  2. Gholamreza Bakeri
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  3. Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
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Correspondence to Gholamreza Bakeri.

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Fallahnejad, Z., Bakeri, G. & Ismail, A.F. Performance of TFN nanofiltration membranes through embedding internally modified titanate nanotubes. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 39, 1902–1918 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-1036-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-1036-5

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