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Influence of frictional packing limit on hydrodynamics and performance of gas-solid fluidized beds

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Abstract

The influence of frictional packing limit (FPL) on prediction of hydrodynamics and performance of fluidized bed reactors was studied. Dense gas-solid flows in non-reactive (under isothermal cold and at elevated temperatures) and reactive atmospheres (fluidized bed gasifier) were simulated using Eulerian-Eulerian methodology considering a range of values for FPL. Simulations under cold flow conditions were conducted to establish a range of FPL values that provides physically realistic predictions. It is noticed that bed pressure drop increases with increasing value of FPL when superficial gas velocity (U) is less than or equal to the minimum fluidization velocity. For larger values of U, predicted pressure drop is unaffected by the choice of value of FPL. However, in these cases, the distribution of particles, their velocities and bubbling behavior are significantly affected by FPL. Effect of FPL at elevated temperatures is similar to the one observed at cold flow conditions. It is further noticed that FPL not only affects the predictions on bed hydrodynamics but also has profound influence on reactive flow characteristics such as bed temperature and product gas composition. Sensitivity analysis under cold flow conditions could reveal better predictions when the ratio of FPL to close packing limit is chosen between 0.9 and 0.97.

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Abbreviations

CD :

standard drag coefficient

ds :

particle diameter [m]

ess :

particle-particle restitution coefficient

\(\overline g \) :

gravity vector [m/s2]

g0 :

radial distribution function

Ksg :

interphase momentum exchange coefficient [kg/m3-s]

L:

length or height of the fixed bed [m]

Pfr :

frictional pressure [Pa]

ps :

solids pressure [Pa]

Ss :

source term

t:

time [s]

\({\overline {\rm{v}} _g}\) :

gas velocity vector [m/s]

\({\overline {\rm{v}} _{\rm{s}}}\) :

solids phase velocity vector [m/s]

α g :

volume fraction of gas or voidage

α g, mf :

bed voidage at minimum fluidization conditions

α s :

volume fraction of solids phase

α s, max :

maximum value of solids volume fraction or close packing limit

α s, min :

threshold value of solids volume fraction at which frictional stress become significant

θ s :

granular temperature [m2/s2]

λ s :

solids bulk viscosity [kg/m-s]

μ s :

solids viscosity [kg/m-s]

μ s, col :

collisional part of solids viscosity [kg/m-s]

μ s, fr :

frictional part of solids viscosity [kg/m-s]

μ s, kin :

kinetic part of solids viscosity [kg/m-s]

ρ s :

density of the solids phase [kg/m3]

\({\overline{\overline \tau } _{\rm{s}}}\) :

particle phase stress tensor [N/m2]

∅:

angle of internal friction

∅s :

particle sphericity

CPL:

close packing limit

FPL:

frictional packing limit

FPM:

frictional pressure model

KTGF:

kinetic theory of granular flows

MGAS:

METC gasifier advanced simulation

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Acknowledgement

Authors gratefully acknowledge the computational facility provided by P.G. Senapathy Centre for Computing Resources and National Centre for Combustion Research and Development at Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai, Chennai, 600036, India

    Akhilesh Kumar Sahu, Vasudevan Raghavan & Bhamidi Prasad

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  1. Akhilesh Kumar Sahu
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  2. Vasudevan Raghavan
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  3. Bhamidi Prasad
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Correspondence to Akhilesh Kumar Sahu.

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Sahu, A.K., Raghavan, V. & Prasad, B. Influence of frictional packing limit on hydrodynamics and performance of gas-solid fluidized beds. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 37, 2368–2383 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0660-9

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