Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Comparative evaluation of purity of green energetic material (ammonium dinitramide) depending on refining method

  • Energy
  • Published:
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although the solid propellant, ammonium dinitramide (ADN, NH4N(NO2)2) is safe and thermally stable, it requires high purity for practical commercial applications. Even a small amount of impurities in ADN can create negative effects, including catalyst poisoning and thruster nozzle cloggings when it is used as a liquid propellant. Thus, we explored several purification processes for the precipitated ADN particles, such as repetition extraction, adsorption by activated carbons, and low-temperature extraction. These purifying methods help to improve the chemical purity as evaluated by FTIR, UV-vis, DSC, and IC analyses. Among the purification processes, adsorption was found to be the best method, showing a final purity of 99.768% based on relative quantification by ion chromatography.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Ostmark, U. Bemm, A. Langlet, R. Sanden and N. Wingborg, J. Energ. Mater., 18(2-3), 123 (2000).

  2. G. Santhosh, S. Venkatachalam, K. N. Ninan, R. Sadhana, S. Alwan, V. Abarna and M. A. Joseph, J. Hazard. Mater., 98(1-3), 117 (2003).

  3. M. B. Talawar, R. Sivabalan, T. Mukundan, H. Muthurajan, A. K. Sikder, B. R. Gandhe and A. S. Rao, J. Hazard. Mater., 161(2-3), 589 (2009).

  4. M. Rahm, Green Propellants, Doctoral Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  5. G. H. Nazeri, R. Mastour, M. Fayaznia and P. Keyghobadi, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 27 (1), 85 (2008).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. W. R. Kim, Y. M. Jo, Y. J. Kwon and Y. C. Park, J. Korean Oil Chem. Soc., 30 (1), 57 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. J. B. Brown and K. K. Doris, Prog. Chem. Fats Other Lipids, 3, 57 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. J. I. S. Oliveira, M. Y. Nagamachi, M. F. Diniz, E. C. Mattos and R. C. L. Dutra, J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., 3 (3), 269 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. N. Rahoui, B. Jiang, H. T. Pan and Y. D. Huang, Appl. Spectrosc. Rev., 51 (5), 431 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. G. Santhosh, S. Venkatachalam, M. kanakavel and K. N. Ninan, Indian. Chem. Technol., 9, 223 (2002).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. A. Langlet, H. Ostmark and N. Wingborg, US Patent, 5, 976, 483 (1999).

  12. S. Venkatachalam, G. Santhosh and N. N. Ninan, Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech., 29(3), 178 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. R. Yang, P. Thakre and V. Yang, Combust. Explos. Shock Waves, 41 (6), 657 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. K. B. Ruey, Synthesis and purity characterization of high purity SDCDPS monomer by ion chromatography, Master’s Thesis, The Ohio State University, Ohio, US (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  15. R. Raghavan and S. Jacob, Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech., 38, 273 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Korea

    Wooram Kim, Younja Kwon & Youngmin Jo

  2. Department of Food and Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Ansung-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17579, Korea

    Seong Yun Hwang

Authors
  1. Wooram Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Younja Kwon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Seong Yun Hwang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Youngmin Jo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Youngmin Jo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, W., Kwon, Y., Hwang, S.Y. et al. Comparative evaluation of purity of green energetic material (ammonium dinitramide) depending on refining method. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 34, 1693–1698 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-017-0072-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-017-0072-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation