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Plasma Lipids, Lipoprotein Metabolism and HDL Lipid Transfers are Equally Altered in Metabolic Syndrome and in Type 2 Diabetes

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Lipids

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to states of insulin resistance that predispose to development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim was to investigate whether plasma lipids and lipid metabolism differ in MetS patients compared to those with T2DM with poor glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin > 7.0). Eighteen patients with T2DM, 18 with MetS and 14 controls, paired for age (40–70 years) and body mass index (BMI), were studied. Plasma lipids and the kinetics of a triacylglycerol-rich emulsion labeled with [3H]-triolein ([3H]-TAG) and [14C]-cholesteryl esters ([14C]-CE) injected intravenously followed by one-hour blood sampling were determined. Lipid transfers from an artificial nanoemulsion donor to high-density lipoprotien (HDL) were assayed in vitro. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) were not different in T2DM (128 ± 7; 42 ± 7) and MetS (142 ± 6; 39 ± 3), but triacylglycerols were even higher in MetS (215 ± 13) than in T2DM (161 ±11, p < 0.05). Fractional clearance rate (FCR, in min1) of [3H]-TAG and [14C]-CE were equal in T2DM (0.008 ± 0.018; 0.005 ± 0.024) and MetS (0.010 ± 0.016; 0.006 ± 0.013), and both were reduced compared to controls. The transfer of non-esterified cholesterol, phospholipids and triacylglycerols to HDL was higher in MetS and T2DM than in controls (p < 0.01). Cholesteryl ester transfer and HDL size were equal in all groups. Results imply that MetS is equal to poorly controlled T2DM concerning the disturbances of plasma lipid metabolism examined here, and suggest that there are different thresholds for the insulin action on glucose and lipids. These findings highlight the magnitude of the lipid disturbances in MetS, and may have implications in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

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Abbreviations

ATP-III:

Adult Treatment Panel III criteria

IDF:

International Diabetes Federation

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

HbA1c:

Glycated hemoglobin

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

VLDL:

Very low density lipoprotein

Apo:

Apolipoprotein

PLTP:

Phospholipid transfer protein

CETP:

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein

[14C]-CE [14C]:

Cholesteryl esters

[3H]-TAG [3H]:

Triolein

FCR:

Fractional clearance rate

FFA:

Unesterified fatty acids

TAG:

Triacylglycerol(s)

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Research Support Foundation of the State of São Paulo (FAPESP, São Paulo, Brazil) and the Zerbini Foundation, both in São Paulo, Brazil. Dr. Maranhão is a Research Awardee of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brasília, Brazil).

Conflict of interest

The authors have nothing to disclose relative to the content of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto do Coração (INCOR) do Hospital das Clínicas FMUSP, Laboratório de Metabolismo de Lípides, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, 1° Subsolo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil

    Vanessa M. Silva, Carmen G. C. Vinagre, Ana P. M. Chacra & Raul C. Maranhão

  2. Surgery Division, The Heart Institute (INCOR) of the Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil

    Luis A. O. Dallan & Raul C. Maranhão

  3. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Vanessa M. Silva, Carmen G. C. Vinagre, Luis A. O. Dallan, Ana P. M. Chacra & Raul C. Maranhão

Authors
  1. Vanessa M. Silva
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  2. Carmen G. C. Vinagre
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  3. Luis A. O. Dallan
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  4. Ana P. M. Chacra
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  5. Raul C. Maranhão
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Raul C. Maranhão.

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Silva, V.M., Vinagre, C.G.C., Dallan, L.A.O. et al. Plasma Lipids, Lipoprotein Metabolism and HDL Lipid Transfers are Equally Altered in Metabolic Syndrome and in Type 2 Diabetes. Lipids 49, 677–684 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-014-3899-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-014-3899-2

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