Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Germination biology of susceptible and target-site (Ile-1781-Thr) herbicide resistant short-spiked canary grass (Phalaris brachystachys) subpopulations

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Quantifying the level of seed germiabiliy of herbicide-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) weeds is useful for understanding the evolutionary development of herbicide resistance, but also for implementing herbicide-resistance management strategies. Germination is a crucial aspect in the life phase of weeds. Phalaris brachystachys biotypes resistant to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides have been confirmed in wheat fields in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the germination behaviour of ACCase- resistant and susceptible subpopulations P. brachystachys under different environmental factors. An analysis of the seed germination of P. brachystachys sub populations at the seed stage was therefore conducted. The resistant (R) and susceptible (S) P. brachystachys subpopulation germination traits were tested in different temperature, salinity stress, drought, and burial depth conditions. All tests were carried out with five replications in a completely randomized design. The highest germination percentage in both subpopulations occurred at a temperature range of 20 to 25 °C. At 35 °C, no germination occurred. In terms of estimated cardinal temperatures, no differences were observed between S and R subpopulations. Seeds containing the ACCase Ile-1781-Thr mutation germinated better under salt and osmotic stress. There were no fitness differences in pH conditions. The percentage and rate of emergence of the R subpopulation were more than S subpopulation at different burial depths. The seedling emergence reached a maximum of 50% in the S subpopulation at a depth of 6.65 cm and in the R subpopulation at depths of 9.81 cm, respectively. Significant differences in seed germination were found between herbicide-resistant and susceptible sub population, and the pleiotropic effect of resistant alleles on germination and seed emergence under different environmental conditions was demonstrated. Results suggested that deep tillage operations and the delayed sowing of autumn-sown crops could control resistant populations that emerge more rapidly than S population; therefore, the prevalence in the R population may decrease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. All data related to the present work can be obtained through Email: gherekhloo@gau.ac.ir.

References

  • Alcantra C, Jimenez-Hidalgo MJ, Saavedra M (2020) Responses of Phalaris minor Rezt and Phalaris brachystachys Link to different levels of soil water availability. Span J Agric Res 8(4):1074–1083

    Google Scholar 

  • Alimagham SM, Ghaderi-Far F (2014) Hydrotime model: introduction and application of this model in seed researches. Env Stresses Crop Sci 7:41–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyris J, Dahal P, Hayashi E, Still DW, Bradford KJ (2008) Genetic variation for lettuce seed thermoinhibition is associated with temperature sensitive expression of abscisic acid, gibberellin, and ethylene biosynthesis, metabolism, and response genes. Plant Physiol 148(2):926–947

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bradford KJ, Still DW (2004) Applications of hydrotime analysis in seed testing. Seed Technol 26:75–85

    Google Scholar 

  • CABI (2021) Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/isc

  • Chachalis D, Korres N, Khah EM (2008) Factors affecting seed germination and emergence of Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionum). Weed Sci 56:509–515

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chhokar RS, Sharma RK (2008) Multiple herbicide resistance in little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor): a threat to wheat production in India. Weed Biol Manag 8:112–123

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cousens RD, Fournier-Level A (2018) Herbicide resistance costs: what are we actually measuring and why? Pest Manag Sci 74(7):1539–1546

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Délye C, Menchari Y, Michel S, Cadet E, Le Corre V (2013) A new insight into arable weed adaptive evolution: mutations endowing herbicide resistance also affect germination dynamics and seedling emergence. Ann Bot 111(4):681–691

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Du L, Bai S, Li Q, Qu M, Yuan G, Guo W (2017) Effect of herbicide resistance endowing three ACCase mutations on seed germination and viability in American slough grass (Beckmannia syzigachne Steud Fernald). Chil J Agric Res 77(2):142–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Forcella F, Benech-Arnold RL, Sanchez R, Ghersa CM (2000) Modelling seedling emergence. Field Crops Res 67:123–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghaderi-Far F, Gherekhloo J, Alimagham SM (2010) Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis). Planta Daninha 28(3):436–469

    Google Scholar 

  • Golmohammadzadeh S, Gherekhloo J, Rojano-Delgado AM, Osuna-Ruiz MD, Kamkar B, Ghaderi-Far F, De Prado R (2019) The first case of short-spiked canary grass (Phalaris brachystachys) with cross-resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in Iran. Agron 9:377–389

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golmohammadzadeh S, Rojano-Delgado AM, Vázquez-García JG, Romano Y, Osuna MD, Gherekhloo J, De Prado R (2020) Cross-resistance mechanisms to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in short-spike canarygrass (Phalaris brachystachys). Plant Physiol Biochem 15:681–688

    Google Scholar 

  • Golmohammadzadeh S, Gherekhloo J, Osuna-Ruiz MD, Ghaderi-Far F, Kamkar B, Alcántara-de la Cruz R, De Prado R (2022) Physiological fitness associated to ACCase target-site resistance enhances growth and reproduction in Phalaris brachystachys. Agron 12:1206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Andujar JL, Jimenez-Hidalgo M, Garcia-Torres L, Saavedra M (2005) Demography and population dynamic of the arable weed Phalaris brachystachys L. (short-spiked canary grass) in winter wheat. Crop Prot 24(6):581–584

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassanpour-bourkheili S, Gherekhloo J, Kamkar B, Ramezanpour SS (2021) No fitness cost associated with Asn-2041-Ile mutation in winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) seed germination under various environmental conditions. Sci Rep 11:1572

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins KK, Allen P, Meyer S (2013) Secondary dormancy of seeds in relation to the Bromus tectorum-Pyrenophorasemeniperda pathosystem. Plant Prot Sci 49:11–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu XW, Wang YR, Wu YP (2008) Effects of the pericarp on imbibition, seed germination, and seedling establishment in seeds of Hedysarum scoparium Fisch. et Mey. Ecol Res 24:559–564

    Google Scholar 

  • ISTA (1985) International rules for seed testing. Seed Sci Technol 13:307–520

    Google Scholar 

  • Javaid MM, Tanveer A (2014) Germination ecology of Emex spinosa and Emex australis, invasive weeds of winter crops. Weed Res 54:565–575

    Google Scholar 

  • Keshtkar E, Mathiassen SK, Beffa R, Kudsk P (2017) Seed Germination and seedling emergence of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides) as affected by non–target-site herbicide resistance. Weed Sci 65:732–742

    Google Scholar 

  • Keshtkar E, Abdolshahi R, Sasanfar H, Zand E, Beffa R, Kudsk DFE (2018) Assessing fitness costs from a herbicide resistance management perspective: a review and insight. Weed Sci 67(2):137–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee YP, Baek KH, Lee HS, Kwak SS, Bang JW, Kwon SY (2010) Tobacco seeds simultaneously overexpressing Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase display enhanced seed longevity and germination rates under stress conditions. J Exp Bot 61:2499–2506

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Li Q, Tan JN, Li W, Yuan GH, Du L, Ma S, Wang JX (2015) Effects of environmental factors on seed germination and emergence of Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus). Weed Sci 63:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu W, Bai S, Zhao N, Li W, Zhang L, Wang J (2018) Non-target site-based resistance to tribenuron-methyl and essential involved genes in Myosotona quaticum (L.). BMC Plant Biol 18:225–237

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Matzrafi M, Gerson O, Rubin B, Peleg Z (2017) Different mutations endowing resistance to Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors results in changes in ecological fitness of Lolium rigidum populations. Front Plant Sci 8:1078

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Menchari Y, Chauvel B, Darmency H, Delye C (2008) Fitness cost associated with three mutant acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alleles endowing herbicide resistance in blackgrass Alopecurus myosuroides. J Appl Ecol 45:939–947

    Google Scholar 

  • Micheal BE, Kaufman MR (1973) The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiol 51:914–916

    Google Scholar 

  • Oram RN (2004) Phalaris canariensis is a domesticated form of P. brachystachys. Genet Resour Crop Evol 51(3):259–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen MJ, Michael PJ, Renton M, Steadman KJ, Powles SB (2011) Towards large-scale prediction of Lolium rigidum emergence. II. Correlation between dormancy and herbicide resistance levels suggests an impact of cropping systems. Weed Res 51:133–141

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panozzo S, Scarabel L, Rosan V, Sattin M (2017) A new Ala-122-Asn amino acid change confers decreased fitness to ALS-resistant Echinochloa crus-galli. Front Plant Sci 8:2042

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Recasens J, Royo-Esnal A, Valencia-Gredilla F, Torra J (2020) Efficiency, profitability and carbon footprint of different management programs under no-till to control herbicide resistant Papaver rhoeas. Plants 9:433

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sheng GS, Vila-Aiub M, Busi R, Goggin D, Powles S (2019) Physiological Fitness Cost Associated with Glyphosate Resistance in Echinochloa colona: Seed Germination Ecology. J Trop Plant Physiol 11:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Shrestha A, Desouza LL, Yang P, Sosnoskie L, Hanson BD (2018) Differential tolerance of glyphosate-susceptible and glyphosate-resistant biotypes of jungle rice (Echinochloa colona) to environments during germination, growth, and intraspecific competition. Weed Sci 66:340–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Siani RK, Malone J, Preston C, Gill G (2017) Persistence of resistance alleles 1781, 2041, and 2078 in the absence of herbicide selection. Agron J 109:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Soltani A, Robertson MJ, Torabi B, Yousefi-Daz M, Sarparast R (2006) Modelling seedling emergence in chickpea as influenced by temperature and sowing depth. Agric Forest Meteorol 138:156–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang W, Zhou F, Chen J, Zhou X (2019) Resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in an Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax) population in China. Pestic Biochem Physiol 108:16–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Torres-Garcia JR, Uscanga-Mortera E, Trejo C, Conde-Martinez V, Kohashi-Shibata J, Nunes-Farfan J, Martinez-Moreno D (2015) Effect of herbicide resistance on seed physiology of Phalaris minor (littleseed canarygrass). Botan Sci 93(3):661–667

    Google Scholar 

  • Travlos I, Gazoulis I, Kanatas P, Tsekoura A, Zannopoulos S, Papastylianou P (2020) Key factors affecting weed seeds’ germination, weed emergence, and their possible role for the efficacy of false seedbed technique as weed management practice. Front Agron 2:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Uddin MN, Hossain MA, Burritt DJ (2016) Salinity and drought stress: similarities and differences in oxidative responses and cellular redox regulation. In: Ahmad P (ed) Water stress and crop plants a sustainable approach. John Wiley & Sons, Singapore, pp 86–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Verloove F (2006) Catalogue of neophytes in Belgium (1800–2005). National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Meise, Belgium, pp 89–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Vila-Aiub MM, Neve P, Steadman KJ, Powles SB (2005) Ecological fitness of a multiple herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum population: dynamics of seed germination and seedling emergence of resistant and susceptible phenotypes. J Appl Ecol 42:288–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Vila-Aiub MM, Neve P, Powles SB (2009) Fitness costs associated with evolved herbicide resistance genes in plants. New Phytol 184:751–767

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vila-Aiub MM, Neve P, Roux F (2011) A unified approach to the estimation and interpretation of resistance costs in plants. Heredity 107(5):386–394

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vila-Aiub MM, Gundel PE, Preston C (2015) Experimental methods for estimation of plant fitness costs associated with herbicide-resistance genes. Weed Sci 63:203–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang T, Picard JC, Tian X, Darmency H (2020) A herbicide-resistant ACCase 1781 Setaria mutant shows higher fitness than wild type. Herediy 105:394–400

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu X, Zhang T, Pan L, Wang L, Xu H, Dong L (2016) Germination requirements differ between fenoxaprop-P-ethyl resistant and susceptible Japanese foxtail (Alopecurus japonicus) biotypes. Weed Sci 64(4):653–663

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao N, Li Q, Guo W, Zhang L, Ge L, Wang J (2017) Effect of Environmental factors on germination and emergence of Shortawn Foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis). Weed Sci 66(1):47–56

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the University of Cordoba, Spain and the Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource (GUANR).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agronomy Department, Plant Production Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 49189-43464, Iran

    Sajedeh Golmohammadzadeh, Javid Gherekhloo & Farshid Ghaderi-Far

  2. Department of Agrotechnology, Agriculture Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91779-48978, Iran

    Behnam Kamkar

  3. Plant Protection Department, Extremadura Scientific and Technological Research Center (CICYTEX), Ctra. de AV, km 372, 06187, Guadajira, Spain

    Maria D. Osuna

  4. Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, 14071, Cordoba, Spain

    Rafael De Prado

Authors
  1. Sajedeh Golmohammadzadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Javid Gherekhloo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Farshid Ghaderi-Far
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Behnam Kamkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Maria D. Osuna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Rafael De Prado
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Javid Gherekhloo.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

Additional information

Communicated by F. Araniti.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Golmohammadzadeh, S., Gherekhloo, J., Ghaderi-Far, F. et al. Germination biology of susceptible and target-site (Ile-1781-Thr) herbicide resistant short-spiked canary grass (Phalaris brachystachys) subpopulations. Acta Physiol Plant 46, 9 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-023-03640-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-023-03640-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation