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Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the morphophysiology of the macroalga Pyropia acanthophora var. brasiliensis (Rhodophyta, Bangiales) cultivated at high concentrations of nitrate

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Abstract

The abiotic and biotic factors of the environments are constantly changing, making sessile organisms, such as macroalgae, need to adjust to the given location. Two abiotic factors that change a lot are the nitrate (NO3−) concentration, thanks to the release of untreated sewage directly into the sea, and high irradiance due to the decrease in the ozone layer (O3). The goal of this study is to understand if the quantity of NO3− influences the growth rate, ultrastructure, concentration, and autofluorescence of photosynthetic pigments, and concentration secondary and antioxidant metabolites of the algae Pyropia acanthophora var. brasiliensis exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Experiments with the algae were carried out with exposure to 0, 25, 50, and 100 mM of NO3− and PAB (= PAR + UVAR + UVBR) for 3 h a day for a period of 7 days, all after an acclimatization of 7 days. In samples exposed to UVR, there was an increase in antioxidant metabolites, while the highest concentrations of total soluble sugars and starch were found in the samples exposed to PAB [0]. High growth rates were observed in samples cultured with NO3− without UVR. In samples exposed to UVR, a decrease in the growth rates occurred, but the NO3− contributed to maintain the positive growth rates. This samples showed no alterations in the structure of the thylakoids of chloroplasts and there was no decrease in their autofluorescence. The presence of different concentrations of NO3− in the culture favored the production of photosynthetic pigments and the production of phenolic compounds, contributing to minimize the effects of ultraviolet radiation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the staff of the Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (LCME), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, for the use of their transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. The authors acknowledge the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil) for the financial support. Zenilda L. Bouzon and Marcelo Maraschin are CNPq fellow. This study is part of the part of the Ph.D. thesis of the first author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil

    Débora Tomazi Pereira, Éder Carlos Schmidt, Elisa Poltronieri Filipin, Zenilda Laurita Bouzon & Carmen Simioni

  2. Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil

    Fernanda Kokowicz Pilatti, Fernanda Ramlov & Marcelo Maraschin

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  1. Débora Tomazi Pereira
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Correspondence to Débora Tomazi Pereira.

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11738_2020_3057_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplementary file1 Supplementary Figure 1. Culture room where the experiment with P. acanthophora var. brasiliensis. a. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of 80 µmol.photons.m-2s-1 (fluorescent lamps, Philips C-5 Super 84 16W/840). b. Artificial UVAR and UVBR were supplied by a VilberLourmat VL-6LM lamp (Marne La Vallée – France), which emits wavelengths of 312 nm (UVBR) and 365 nm (UVAR) (arrow) (TIF 7814 kb)

11738_2020_3057_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplementary file2 Supplementary Figure 2. Chromatographic profile of carotenoids (HPLC, 450 nm) from P. acanthophora var. brasiliensis extract. The peaks are named with each carotenoid (TIF 534 kb)

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Pereira, D.T., Schmidt, É.C., Filipin, E.P. et al. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the morphophysiology of the macroalga Pyropia acanthophora var. brasiliensis (Rhodophyta, Bangiales) cultivated at high concentrations of nitrate. Acta Physiol Plant 42, 61 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-020-03057-5

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