Abstract
Sheathed post-and-beam wooden structures are distinct from light-wood structures. They allow for using sheathing panels that are smaller (0.91 m × 1.82 m) than standard-sized panels (1.22 m × 2.44 m or 2.44 m × 2.44 m). Evidence indicates that nail spacing and panel thickness determine the lateral capacity of the wood frame shear walls. To verify the lateral shear performance of wood frame shear walls with smaller panels, we subjected 13 shear walls, measuring 0.91 m in width and 2.925 m in height, to a low-cycle cyclic loading test with three kinds of nail spacing and three panel thicknesses. A nonlinear numerical simulation analysis of the wall was conducted using ABAQUS finite element (FE) software, where a custom nonlinear spring element was used to simulate the sheathing-frame connection. The results indicate that the hysteretic performance of the walls was mainly determined by the hysteretic performance of the sheathing-frame connection. When same nail specifications were adopted, the stiffness and bearing capacity of the walls were inversely related to the nail spacing and directly related to the panel thickness. The shear wall remained in the elastic stage when the drift was 1/250 rad and ductility coefficients were all greater than 2.5, which satisfied the deformation requirements of residential structures. Based on the test and FE analysis results, the shear strength of the post-and-beam wooden structures with sheathed walls was determined.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kawai N. Permissible Stress Method for Wooden Houses Using Post-Beam Construction. 4th ed. Tokyo: Japan Housing and Wood Technology Center, 2008 (in Japanese)
Källsner B, Girhammar U A. Plastic models for analysis of fully anchored light-frame timber shear walls. Engineering Structures, 2009, 31(9): 2171–2181
van de Lindt J W. Evolution of wood shear wall testing, modeling, and reliability analysis: Bibliography. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 2004, 9(1): 44–53
Ugalde D, Almazán J L, Santa María H, Guindos P. Seismic protection technologies for timber structures: A review. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2019, 77(2): 173–194
GB 50005–2017. Standard for Design of Timber Structures. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2017 (in Chinese)
Anderson E N, Leichti R J, Sutt E G, Rosowsky D V. Sheathing nail bending-yield stress: Effect on cyclic performance of wood shear walls. Wood and Fiber Science, 2007, 39(4): 536–547
Demir A, Demirkir C, Aydin I. The effects of wood species, nail size, grain direction and layer numbers on lateral nail strength of structural plywood panels. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 2020, 11(2): 141–148
Nishiyama N, Ando N. Analysis of load-slip characteristics of nailed wood joints: Application of a two-dimensional geometric nonlinear analysis. Journal of Wood Science, 2003, 49(6): 505–512
Sartori T, Tomasi R. Experimental investigation on sheathing-to-framing connections in wood shear walls. Engineering Structures, 2013, 56: 2197–2205
ASTM E2126-09. Standard Test Methods for Cyclic (Reversed) Load Test for Shear Resistance of Vertical Elements of the Lateral Force Resisting Systems for Buildings. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM, 2009
ISO 16670. Timber Structure-Joint Made with Mechanical Fasters-Quasi-Static Reversed Cyclic Test Method. Geneva: ISO, 2003
Dean P K, Shenton H W. Experimental investigation of the effect of vertical load on the capacity of wood shear walls. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2005, 131(7): 1104–1113
Guíñez F, Santa María H, Almazán J L. Monotonic and cyclic behaviour of wood frame shear walls for mid-height timber buildings. Engineering Structures, 2019, 189: 100–110
Uang C M, Gatto K. Effects of finish materials and dynamic loading on the cyclic response of wood frame shear walls. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2003, 129(10): 1394–1402
Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ). Standard for Structural Design of Timber Structures. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan, 2006 (in Japanese)
Wu G. Light wood frame construction utilizing small-diameter round timber and investigation of the structural behaviour. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2015 (in Chinese)
Folz B, Filiatrault A. Cyclic analysis of wood shear walls. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2001, 127(4): 433–441
ASTM D1761–20. Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Wood. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM, 2000
Cheng H, Ni C, Lv X. Performance of perforated wood-frame shear walls with transverse walls and vertical load. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2006, 39(12): 33–47 (in Chinese)
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Pre-standard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, FEMA 356. Washington, D.C.: FEMA, 2000
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the National Key R&D Program of China for supporting this study with a research grant (No. 2019YFD1101001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Long, W., Lu, W., Liu, Y. et al. Lateral shear performance of sheathed post-and-beam wooden structures with small panels. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng. 17, 1117–1131 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-023-0939-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-023-0939-0