Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fabrication of efficient bimetallic magnetic/silver nanocatalyst for the fast degradation of toxic coloring compounds from aqueous samples

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Chemical Papers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study reports a facile method for preparing bimetallic nanomaterials (iron–silver magnetic nano-oxides)-based catalyst by chemical co-reduction process. The resultant catalytic material has been used to remove the toxic organic dyes from the aqueous media. Modern analytical techniques have been used to analyze resultant catalytic material, such as SEM, HR-TEM, FTIR, XRD, and EDX. Their combined outcomes revealed that the particles have a two-dimensional nano-rod-like structure with a highly porous sponge-like morphology. Different parameters such as dose, time, temperature, and interference study have been optimized to attain the maximum percentage degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine-B dyes. The prepared catalytic material exhibited high catalytic activity with reduction rate constant values of 0.6 min−1 and 0.7 min−1 for rhodamine-B and methylene blue, respectively. Due to the magnetic characteristics, the catalytic materials can easily recover for recycling. The fabricated catalytic material is efficient as compared to the reported materials.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Scheme 2
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All concerned data are given in this manuscript.

References

  • Abdelrahman EA, Hegazey R, Kotp YH, Alharbi A (2019) Facile synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles from Egyptian insecticide cans for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 222:117195

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adegoke KA, Iqbal M, Louis H, Bello OS (2019) Synthesis, characterization and application of CdS/ZnO nanorod heterostructure for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B dye. Mater Sci Energy Technol 2(2):329–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Amdeha E, Mohamed RS (2021) A green synthesized recyclable ZnO/MIL-101 (Fe) for Rhodamine B dye removal via adsorption and photo-degradation under UV and visible light irradiation. Environ Technol 42(6):842–859

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aydoghmish SM, Hassanzadeh-Tabrizi S, Saffar-Teluri A (2019) Facile synthesis and investigation of NiO–ZnO–Ag nanocomposites as efficient photocatalysts for degradation of methylene blue dye. Ceram Int 45(12):14934–14942

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Azari A, Kalantary RR, Ghanizadeh G, Kakavandi B, Farzadkia M, Ahmadi E (2015) Iron–silver oxide nanoadsorbent synthesized by co-precipitation process for fluoride removal from aqueous solution and its adsorption mechanism. RSC Adv 5(106):87377–87391

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baruah S, Kumar S, Nayak B, Puzari A (2021) Optoelectronically suitable graphene oxide-decorated titanium oxide/polyaniline hybrid nanocomposites and their enhanced photocatalytic activity with methylene blue and rhodamine B dye. Polym Bull 78(3):1703–1720

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bashir MS, Jiang X, Kong XZ (2020) Porous polyurea microspheres with Pd immobilized on surface and their catalytic activity in 4-nitrophenol reduction and organic dyes degradation. Eur Polymer J 129:109652

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bashir MS, Ramzan N, Najam T, Abbas G, Gu X, Arif M, Sillanpää M (2022a) Metallic nanoparticles for catalytic reduction of toxic hexavalent chromium from aqueous medium: a state-of-the-art review. Sci Total Environ 829:154475

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bashir MS, Zhou C, Wang C, Sillanpää M, Wang F (2023b) Facile strategy to fabricate palladium-based nanoarchitectonics as efficient catalytic converters for water treatment. Separat Purif Technol 304:122307

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Córdova BM, Santa Cruz JP, Huamani-Palomino RG, Baena-Moncada AM (2020) Simultaneous adsorption of a ternary mixture of brilliant green, rhodamine B and methyl orange as artificial wastewater onto biochar from cocoa pod husk waste. Quantification of dyes using the derivative spectrophotometry method. New J Chem 44(20):8303–8316

    Google Scholar 

  • Dang T-D, Le HT, Nguyen DA, La DD, Nguyen DD (2020) A magnetic hierarchical zero-valent iron nanoflake-decorated graphene nanoplate composite for simultaneous adsorption and reductive degradation of rhodamine B. New J Chem 44(21):9083–9089

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Oliveira Guidolin T, Possolli NM, Polla MB, Wermuth TB, Franco de Oliveira T, Eller S, Cechinel MAP (2021) Photocatalytic pathway on the degradation of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using magnetite nanoparticles. J Clean Product 318:128556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Radinekiyan F, Aliabadi HAM, Sukhtezari S, Tahmasebi B, Maleki A, Madanchi H (2021) Chitosan hydrogel/silk fibroin/Mg (OH)2 nanobiocomposite as a novel scaffold with antimicrobial activity and improved mechanical properties. Sci Rep 11(1):650

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Firoozi M, Rafiee Z, Dashtian K (2020) New MOF/COF hybrid as a robust adsorbent for simultaneous removal of auramine O and rhodamine B dyes. ACS Omega 5(16):9420–9428

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fytianos G, Rahdar A, Kyzas GZ (2020) Nanomaterials in cosmetics: recent updates. Nanomaterials 10(5):979

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ghiasi Moaser A, Khoshnavazi R (2017) Facile synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@ MgAl-LDH@ STPOM nanocomposites for highly enhanced and selective degradation of methylene blue. New J Chem 41:9472–9481

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopal RA, Song M, Yang D, Lkhagvaa T, Chandrasekaran S, Choi D (2020) Synthesis of hierarchically structured ɤ-Fe2O3–PPy nanocomposite as effective adsorbent for cationic dye removal from wastewater. Environ Pollut 267:115498

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jabasingh A, Ravi T, Yimam A (2018) Magnetic hetero-structures as prospective sorbents to aid arsenic elimination from life water streams. Water Science 32(1):151–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph A, Vellayan K, González B, Vicente MA, Gil A (2019) Effective degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution using Pd-supported Cu-doped Ti-pillared montmorillonite catalyst. Appl Clay Sci 168:7–10

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalam A, Al-Sehemi AG, Assiri M, Du G, Ahmad T, Ahmad I, Pannipara M (2018) Modified solvothermal synthesis of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles photocatalysts for degradation of methylene blue with H2O2/visible light. Results in Physics 8:1046–1053

    Google Scholar 

  • Karimzadeh I, Aghazadeh M, Doroudi T (2016) Preparation and characterization of poly (vinylpyrrolidone)/polyvinyl chloride coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Anal Bioanal Electrochem 8:604–614

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur H, Kumar S, Verma N, Singh P (2018) Role of pH on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 tailored by W/T mole ratio. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 29:16120–16135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur N, Singh J, Kumar S, Singh P, Al-Rashed S, Kaur H, Rawat M (2020) An efficient and viable photodegradation of a textile Reactive yellow-86 dye under direct sunlight by multi-structured Fe2O3 encapsulated with phytochemicals of R. Indica. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 31:21233–21247

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur H, Singh J, Rani P, Kaur N, Kumar S, Rawat M (2022) A novel and one-pot synthesis of Punica granatum mediated copper oxide having flower-like morphology as an efficient visible-light driven photocatalyst for degradation of textile dyes in waste water. J Mol Liq 355:118966

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur H, Kumar S, Kaushal S, Badru R, Singh PP, Pugazhendhi A (2023) Highly customized porous TiO2-PANI nanoparticles with excellent photocatalytic efficiency for dye degradation. Environ Res 225:114960

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaushal S, Badru R, Kumar S, Kaur H, Singh P (2018) Efficient removal of cationic and anionic dyes from their binary mixtures by organic–inorganic hybrid material. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 28:968–977

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan Z, Bashir O, Khan MN, Khan TA, Al-Thabaiti SA (2017) Cationic surfactant assisted morphology of Ag@ Cu, and their catalytic reductive degradation of Rhodamine B. J Mol Liq 248:1096–1108

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu D, Chen D, Hao Z, Tang Y, Jiang L, Li T, Jia B (2022) Efficient degradation of Rhodamine B in water by CoFe2O4/H2O2 and CoFe2O4/PMS systems: a comparative study. Chemosphere 307:135935

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lu Q, Zhang Y, Hu H, Wang W, Huang Z, Chen D, Liang J (2019) In situ synthesis of a stable Fe3O4@ cellulose nanocomposite for efficient catalytic degradation of methylene blue. Nanomaterials 9(2):275

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mahanthappa M, Kottam N, Yellappa S (2019) Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using CuSCdS nanocomposite under visible light irradiation. Appl Surf Sci 475:828–838

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahar AM, Balouch A, Talpur FN, Panah P, Kumar R, Kumar A, Umar AA (2020) Fabrication of Pt-Pd@ ITO grown heterogeneous nanocatalyst as efficient remediator for toxic methyl parathion in aqueous media. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(9):9970–9978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahar AM, Alveroglu E, Balouch A, Talpur FN, Jagirani MS (2022) Fabrication of Fe/Bi bimetallic magnetic nano-oxides (IBBMNOs) as efficient remediator for hexavalent chromium from aqueous environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29(43):65161–65175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maleki A, Firouzi-Haji R (2018) L-Proline functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: a novel magnetically reusable nanocatalyst for one-pot synthesis of 2, 4, 6-triarylpyridines. Sci Rep 8(1):17303

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Maleki A, Hajizadeh Z, Sharifi V, Emdadi Z (2019a) A green, porous and eco-friendly magnetic geopolymer adsorbent for heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions. J Clean Prod 215:1233–1245

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maleki A, Varzi Z, Hassanzadeh-Afruzi F (2019b) Preparation and characterization of an eco-friendly ZnFe2O4@ alginic acid nanocomposite catalyst and its application in the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-pyran derivatives. Polyhedron 171:193–202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maleki A, Mohammad M, Emdadi Z, Asim N, Azizi M, Safaei J (2020) Adsorbent materials based on a geopolymer paste for dye removal from aqueous solutions. Arab J Chem 13(1):3017–3025

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohmood I, Lopes CB, Lopes I, Ahmad I, Duarte AC, Pereira E (2013) Nanoscale materials and their use in water contaminants removal—a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:1239–1260

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakhjiri MT, Bagheri Marandi G, Kurdtabar M (2019) Adsorption of methylene blue, brilliant green and rhodamine B from aqueous solution using collagen-gp (AA-co-NVP)/Fe3O4@ SiO2 nanocomposite hydrogel. J Polym Environ 27(3):581–599

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narayanan MA, Haddad TM, Smer A, Ayan M, Mooss A (2015) Cocaine toxicity presenting as acute reversible pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 65(10S):A645–A645

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen CH, Juang R-S (2019) Efficient removal of cationic dyes from water by a combined adsorption-photocatalysis process using platinum-doped titanate nanomaterials. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 99:166–179

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Önal ES, Yatkın T, Aslanov T, Ergüt M, Özer A (2019). Biosynthesis and characterization of iron nanoparticles for effective adsorption of Cr (VI). Int J Chem Eng

  • Peng Z, Yang H (2008) Ag–Pt alloy nanoparticles with the compositions in the miscibility gap. J Solid State Chem 181(7):1546–1551

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng Z, You H, Yang H (2010) An electrochemical approach to PtAg alloy nanostructures rich in Pt at the surface. Adv Func Mater 20(21):3734–3741

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qian W, Xu S, Zhang X, Li C, Yang W, Bowen CR, Yang Y (2021) Differences and similarities of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis in two-dimensional nanomaterials: strategies, traps, applications and challenges. Nano-Micro Letters 13:1–38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radmanesh T-LRZW, Cathcart MMSMA, Nanocomposite NKVM-S (2020) Therapeutic: docetaxel targeted delivery and synergies in treatment of human breast cancer tumor. Small 16:2002733

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramu A, Choi D (2021) Highly efficient and simultaneous catalytic reduction of multiple toxic dyes and nitrophenols waste water using highly active bimetallic PdO–NiO nanocomposite. Sci Rep 11(1):22699

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ramu A, Salla S, Gopi S, Silambarasan P, Yang D, Song M, Choi D (2021) Surface-tuned hierarchical ɤ-Fe2O3–N-rGO nanohydrogel for efficient catalytic removal and electrochemical sensing of toxic nitro compounds. Chemosphere 268:128853

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reza KM, Kurny ASW, Gulshan F (2016) Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by magnetite+ H2O2+ UV process. Int J Environ Sci Develop 7(5):325

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-López P, Antúnez-García J, Fuentes-Moyado S, Galván DH, Petranovskii V, Chávez-Rivas F (2019) Analysis of theoretical and experimental X-ray diffraction patterns for distinct mordenite frameworks. J Mater Sci 54(10):7745–7757

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaabani A, Soleimani E, Maleki A, Moghimi-Rad J (2008) Rapid synthesis of 3-aminoimidazo [1, 2-a] pyridines and pyrazines. Synth Commun 38(7):1090–1095

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shakeri S, Rafiee Z, Dashtian K (2020) Fe3O4-based melamine-rich covalent organic polymer for simultaneous removal of auramine O and rhodamine B. J Chem Eng Data 65(2):696–705

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shang H, Chen L, Wang Y, Liu H (2018) Efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by using GO/hemin/TiO2 nanocomposite under visible irradiation. Micro & Nano Letters 13(5):646–651

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharif HMA, Mahmood A, Cheng H-Y, Djellabi R, Ali J, Jiang W-L, Wang A-J (2019) Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with EDTA and Ag nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of organic dyes from wastewater. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2(8):5310–5319

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shee NK, Kim H-J (2021) Self-assembled nanomaterials based on complementary Sn (IV) and Zn (II)-porphyrins, and their photocatalytic degradation for rhodamine B dye. Molecules 26(12):3598

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shukla S, Khan R, Daverey A (2021) Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles, and their applications in wastewater treatment: a review. Environ Technol Innov 24:101924

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silambarasan P, Ramu A, Govarthanan M, Jung K, Moon I (2021) Enhanced sustainable electro-generation of a Ni (I) homogeneous electro-catalyst at a silver solid amalgam electrode for the continuous degradation of N2O, NO, DCM, and CB pollutants. J Hazard Mater 420:126564

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soltaninejad V, Maleki A (2021) A green, and eco-friendly bionanocomposite film (poly (vinyl alcohol)/TiO2/chitosan/chlorophyll) by photocatalytic ability, and antibacterial activity under visible-light irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol, A 404:112906

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soltaninejad V, Ahghari MR, Taheri-Ledari R, Maleki A (2021) Bifunctional PVA/ZnO/AgI/chlorophyll nanocomposite film: Enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of pollutants and antimicrobial property under visible-light irradiation. Langmuir 37(15):4700–4713

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taheri-Ledari HZVK, Cr RMAC (2020) removal from aqueous samples: executed by a promising clay-based catalytic system, magnetized by Fe3O4 nanoparticles and functionalized with humic acid. Chem Select 5(8):2441–2448

    Google Scholar 

  • Taheri-Ledari R, Rahimi J, Maleki A (2019) Synergistic catalytic effect between ultrasound waves and pyrimidine-2, 4-diamine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: applied for synthesis of 1, 4-dihydropyridine pharmaceutical derivatives. Ultrason Sonochem 59:104737

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taheri-Ledari R, Zhang W, Radmanesh M, Mirmohammadi SS, Maleki A, Cathcart N, Kitaev V (2020) Multi-stimuli nanocomposite therapeutic: docetaxel targeted delivery and synergies in treatment of human breast cancer tumor. Small 16(41):2002733

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tahir MB, Ashraf M, Rafique M, Ijaz M, Firman S, Mubeen I (2020) Activated carbon doped WO3 for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine-B. Appl Nanosci 10(3):869–877

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Theerthagiri J, Senthil R, Senthilkumar B, Polu AR, Madhavan J, Ashokkumar M (2017) Recent advances in MoS2 nanostructured materials for energy and environmental applications–a review. J Solid State Chem 252:43–71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tian L, Li Z, Song M, Li J (2021) Recent progress in water-splitting electrocatalysis mediated by 2D noble metal materials. Nanoscale 13(28):12088–12101

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trang VT, Tam LT, Phan VN, Van Quy N, Huy TQ, Le A-T (2017) Two-step hydrothermal synthesis of bifunctional hematite–silver heterodimer nanoparticles for potential antibacterial and anticancer applications. J Electron Mater 46:3323–3332

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tung LM, Cong NX, Huy LT, Lan NT, Phan VN, Hoa NQ, Mølhave K (2016) Synthesis, characterizations of superparamagnetic Fe3O4–Ag hybrid nanoparticles and their application for highly effective bacteria inactivation. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 16(6):5902–5912

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Umar AA, Rahmi E, Balouch A, Abd Rahman MY, Salleh MM, Oyama M (2014) Highly-reactive AgPt nanofern composed of {001}-faceted nanopyramidal spikes for enhanced heterogeneous photocatalysis application. J Mater Chem A 2(41):17655–17665

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Varzi Z, Maleki A (2019) Design and preparation of ZnS-ZnFe2O4: a green and efficient hybrid nanocatalyst for the multicomponent synthesis of 2, 4, 5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles. Appl Organomet Chem 33(8):e5008

    Google Scholar 

  • Veisi H, Moradi SB, Saljooqi A, Safarimehr P (2019) Silver nanoparticle-decorated on tannic acid-modified magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4@ TA/Ag) for highly active catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol, Rhodamine B and Methylene blue. Mater Sci Eng, C 100:445–452

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu X, Nan Z (2019) Degradation of rhodamine B by a novel Fe3O4/SiO2 double-mesoporous-shelled hollow spheres through photo-Fenton process. Mater Chem Phys 227:302–312

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • You H, Peng Z, Wu J, Yang H (2011) Lattice contracted AgPt nanoparticles. Chem Commun 47(47):12595–12597

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang M, Gong J, Zeng G, Zhang P, Song B, Cao W, Huan S (2018) Enhanced degradation performance of organic dyes removal by bismuth vanadate-reduced graphene oxide composites under visible light radiation. Coll Surf a: Physicochem Eng Aspects 559:169–183

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Z, Liu X, Zhang M, Jiao J, Zhang H, Du J, Ren Z (2020) Preparation of highly efficient ion-imprinted polymers with Fe3O4 nanoparticles as carrier for removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. Sci Total Environ 699:134334

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.

Funding

There is not any funding source for this publication.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Sindh, Pakistan

    Ali Muhammad Mahar, Aamna Balouch, Farah Naz Talpur,  Abdullah & Komal Shah

  2. Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical, University, 34469, Maslak, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey

    Esra Alveroglu

  3. Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People’s Republic of China

    Muhammad Saqaf Jagirani

  4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People’s Republic of China

    Muhammad Saqaf Jagirani

Authors
  1. Ali Muhammad Mahar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Aamna Balouch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Esra Alveroglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Farah Naz Talpur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Muhammad Saqaf Jagirani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Abdullah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Komal Shah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

AMM presented the idea of this work, performed the experimental work, analyzed the results, has drown all the spectra and figures of the manuscript, performed the calculation, developed the theoretical formalism, and wrote the manuscript. Dr. AB encouraged for this research work, investigated the whole research work, helped in interpretation of results, and supervised all findings of the work. Dr. EA helped in characterization samples by SEM analysis. Dr. FNT was co-supervisor and was involved in planning the research and contributed to final version of manuscript. Dr. MSJ helped in writing the manuscript. KS and A Helped in preparation of samples and contributed to analyze the samples by FTIR. Therefore, ethically we add their names as co-author in manuscript. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aamna Balouch.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Consent to participate

All authors read and approved the final revised manuscript.

Consent to publish

All authors highly agree to submit this work for publication.

Ethical approval

This study is not violating any ethical rules.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mahar, A.M., Balouch, A., Alveroglu, E. et al. Fabrication of efficient bimetallic magnetic/silver nanocatalyst for the fast degradation of toxic coloring compounds from aqueous samples. Chem. Pap. 78, 3033–3048 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-03291-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-03291-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation