Abstract
In this study, liquid–liquid extraction with Aliquat 336 in the presence of cyclohexane as a mobile carrier was investigated to purify Pd(II) from industrial wastewater. Kinetic and thermodynamics analysis showed that Pd(II) extraction was of first-order reaction: the reaction was endothermic reaction which was governed by the diffusion region. The influence of temperature on isotherm model was also investigated. With an increase in reaction temperature, all three isotherms Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm become inaccurate. Results show that the Langmuir isotherm model was preferred for the study of the Pd(II) ion experimental isotherm. Response surface methodology was employed to study the five independent variables which have an effect on the percentage of extraction of palladium(II) ions as a dependent variable. Optimum extraction conditions for the five independent variables were as follows: Aliquat 336 concentration (0.6 M), pH of feed solution (2.0), stirring speed (600 rpm), reaction time (10 min.) and reaction temperature (318 K).
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Acknowledgements
The authors profoundly appreciate the support from the Thailand Research Fund and Chulalongkorn University under the Research and Researchers for Industries (RRi) Ph.D. Program (Grant No. PHD58I0081). Thanks are also given to the Separation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, for chemical and apparatus support as well as to the Mektec Manufacturing Corporation (Thailand) Ltd, for feed solution.
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Mohdee, V., Maneeintr, K., Wannachod, T. et al. Optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology for Pd(II) extraction with quaternary ammonium salt from chloride medium: kinetic and thermodynamics study. Chem. Pap. 72, 3129–3139 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0542-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0542-3