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Impulsivity in heroin‐dependent individuals: structural and functional abnormalities within frontostriatal circuits

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Abstract

High levels of impulsivity are a risk factor for the initiation of heroin use and a core behavioral characteristic of heroin dependence. Impulsivity also contributes to the maintenance of drug use and hinders effective therapy. Here we sought to identify neuroimaging markers of impulsivity in heroin-dependent individuals (HDI), with a focus on the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a key region implicated in impulsivity and drug addiction generally. Volume and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) differences of the bilateral NAc were investigated between 21 HDI and 21 age-, gender-, nicotine-, alcohol-matched healthy controls (HC). The neuroimaging results were then correlated with the Barratt Impulsivity Scales (BIS-11). Higher motor impulsivity (t = 2.347, p = 0.0253) and larger right NAc volume (F (1,38) = 4.719, p = 0.036) was observed in HDI. The right NAc volume was positively correlated with BIS total (r = 0.6196, p = 0.0239) /motor (r = 0.5921, p = 0.0330) scores in HC and BIS motor (r = 0.5145, p = 0.0170) score in HDI. A negative correlation was found between RSFC of the right NAc-bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and motor impulsivity in HDI (left: r=-0.6537, p = 0.0013; right: r=-0.6167, p = 0.0029) and HC (left: r=-0.6490,p = 0.0164; right: r=-0.6993, p = 0.0078). We aimed to reveal novel multimodality neuroimaging biomarkers of the higher impulsivity in HDI by focusing on the NAc and corresponding functional circuits. Higher motor impulsivity was observed in HDI. Furthermore, the volume of the right NAc and the RSFC strength of right NAc-SFG could be neuroimaging biomarkers for the severity of impulsivity in HDI. These potential biomarkers could be a target for novel treatments in HDI.

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Funding

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 81871426, 81871430, 61971451, the program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region NJYT-17-B11, the Key R & D projects in Hunan Province (2019SK2131), the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia under Grant No. 2019JQ07, the science and technology planning project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 2019GG109, Chunhui Program of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China 2018-45.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Shicong Wang, Min Zhang, Shuang Liu, Yan Xu, Ziqiang Shao, Longmao Chen, Jun Li & Kai Yuan

  2. Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Shicong Wang, Min Zhang, Shuang Liu, Yan Xu, Ziqiang Shao, Longmao Chen, Jun Li & Kai Yuan

  3. Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

    Wenhan Yang & Jun Liu

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  1. Shicong Wang
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Only the authors listed are responsible for the content and preparation of this manuscript. SW, KY, JuL conceptualized and designed the study. SW, MZ, SL, YX conducted the behavioral and imaging analyses. ZS, LC, JL, WY conducted the assessments. KY and JuL modified the manuscript and supervised the study. SW wrote the first draft and all authors provided input on the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jun Liu or Kai Yuan.

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Wang, S., Zhang, M., Liu, S. et al. Impulsivity in heroin‐dependent individuals: structural and functional abnormalities within frontostriatal circuits. Brain Imaging and Behavior 15, 2454–2463 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00445-w

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