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Abnormalities of regional homogeneity and its correlation with clinical symptoms in Naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia

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Abstract

Several resting-state neuroimaging studies have indicated abnormal regional homogeneity (ReHo) in chronic schizophrenia; however, little work has been conducted to investigate naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES). Even less investigated is the association between ReHo measures and clinical symptom severity in naïve patients with FES. The current study evaluated ReHo alterations in whole brain, and assessed the correlations between ReHo measures and clinical variables in naïve patients with FES. Forty-four naïve patients with FES and 26 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Group-level analysis was utilized to analyze the ReHo differences between FES and HC in a voxel-by-voxel manner. Severity of symptoms was evaluated using a five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The correlation between the severity of symptoms and ReHo map was examined in patients using voxel-wise correlation analyses within brain areas that showed a significant ReHo alteration in patients compared with controls. Compared with the healthy control group, the FES group showed a significant decrease in ReHo values in the left medial frontal gyrus (MFG), right precentral gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus (STG), left left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), left thalamus, and significant increase in ReHo values in the left MFG, left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), left precuneus, and right lentiform nucleus (LN). In addition, the correlation analysis showed the PANSS total score negatively correlated with ReHo in the right precentral gyrus and positively correlated with ReHo in the left thalamus, the positive factor positively correlated with ReHo in the right thalamus, the disorganized/concrete factor positively correlated with ReHo in left posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG), the excited factor positively correlated with ReHo in the left precuneus, and the depressed factor negatively correlated with ReHo in the right postcentral gyrus and positively correlated with ReHo in the right thalamus. Our results indicate that widespread ReHo abnormalities occurred in an early stage of schizophrenic onset, suggesting a potential neural basis for the pathogenesis and symptomatology of schizophrenia.

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Acknowledgements

This work is partly supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grants No BK20151076) and the project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Department (General Program No: H201442,Y2013004), the Six talent peaks project in Jiangsu Province (NO2014-WSN-055).

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  1. Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China

    Xiaoxin Zhao, Jingjing Yao, Yiding Lv, Xinyue Zhang, Chongyang Han, Lijun Chen, Fangfang Ren, Zhuma Jin, Yuan Li & Yuxiu Sui

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All research procedures were approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Nanjing Brain Hospital, and were conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.

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Written informed consent of the schizophrenic patient was obtained from his/her legally authorized representative and the control provided written informed consent himself/herself after totally understanding the purpose of our study.

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Xiaoxin Zhao, Jingjing Yao, Yiding Lv, Xinyue Zhang, Chongyang Han, Lijun Chen, Fangfang Ren, Zhuma Jin, Yuan Li, and Yuxiu Sui declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Zhao, X., Yao, J., Lv, Y. et al. Abnormalities of regional homogeneity and its correlation with clinical symptoms in Naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Brain Imaging and Behavior 13, 503–513 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-018-9882-4

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