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Decline in tree-ring growth of Picea mongolica and its intra-annual eco-physiological responses to drought and CO2 enrichment in semi-arid China

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Abstract

Episodes of drought-induced decline in tree growth and mortality are becoming more frequent as a result of climate warming and enhanced water stress in semi-arid areas. However, the ecophysiological mechanisms underlying the impact of drought on tree growth remains unresolved. In this study, earlywood and latewood tree-ring growth, δ13C, and δ18O chronologies of Picea mongolica from 1900 to 2013 were developed to clarify the intra- and inter-annual tree-ring growth responses to increasingly frequent droughts. The results indicate that annual basal area increment residuals (BAIres), which removed tree age and size effects, have significantly decreased since 1960. However, the decreasing trend of earlywood BAIres was higher than that of latewood. Climate response analysis suggests that the dominant parameters for earlywood and latewood proxies (BAIres, δ13C and δ18O) were drought-related climate variables (Palmer drought severity index, temperature, relative humidity, and vapor pressure deficit). The most significant period of earlywood and latewood proxies’ responses to climate variables were focused on June–July and July–August, respectively. BAIres, and δ13C were significantly affected by temperature and moisture conditions, whereas δ18O was slightly affected. Decreasing stomatal conductance due to drought outweighed the influence of increasing CO2 on intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), and ultimately led to a decline in BAIres. Compared to latewood, the faster decreasing BAIres and smaller increasing iWUE of earlywood suggested trees were more vulnerable to water stress in the early growing season. Our study provides insights into the inter- and intra-annual mechanisms of tree-ring growth in semi-arid regions under rising CO2 and climate change.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaomin Zeng, Ping Ni, Xiaohong Liu & Yao Li

  2. The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China

    Wenzhi Wang

  3. CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, People’s Republic of China

    Wenchao Wang

  4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China

    Wenchao Wang

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XZ and XL conceived and designed the experiments. PN and YL performed the experiments. PN and XZ analyzed the data. XZ and PN wrote the manuscript; other authors provided editorial advice.

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Correspondence to Xiaomin Zeng.

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Project funding: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42277448, 41971104 and 41807431), the National Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2019JQ-325), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (GK201903068 and GK202206032).

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Corresponding editor: Tao Xu.

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Zeng, X., Ni, P., Liu, X. et al. Decline in tree-ring growth of Picea mongolica and its intra-annual eco-physiological responses to drought and CO2 enrichment in semi-arid China. J. For. Res. 35, 66 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-024-01716-8

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