Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Corrosion Resistance, Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Cold-Sprayed Al Coating on Sintered NdFeB Magnet

  • Peer Reviewed
  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Spray Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A protective aluminum coating was deposited by cold spray on the surface of a sintered neodymium substrate (Nd2Fe14B) made from an alloy of neodymium, iron, and boron and used as a permanent magnet. Most of the sprayed aluminum particles softened and deposited onto the substrate, forming a uniform and dense coating with a thickness of about 45 μm. The bonding strength and Vickers hardness of the coating were 26.0 MPa and 7.02 GPa, respectively. The corrosion current (Icorr) densities of the sintered NdFeB with and without the aluminum coating in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution were 3.847 × 10−5 A/cm2 and 3.866 × 10−4 A/cm2, respectively. The sintered NdFeB with the protective aluminum coating survived up to 200 h in the neutral salt spray test (NSS). Its coercivity, remanence, and maximum energy product were 14.813 kOe, 13.994 kGs, and 46.798 MGOe, respectively. They were lower than that of the substrate without coating by 2.94%, 0.03%, and 1.69%.This study showed that the aluminum coating prepared by cold spray could effectively increase the corrosion resistance of the sintered NdFeB magnet with a weak effect on its magnetic properties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig.15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Chen, X. Yang, L. Sun, P. Yu, X. Zhang, and L. Luo, Effects of Ag on the Magnetic and Mechanical Properties of Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnets, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2019, 485, p 49-53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Sagawa, S. Fujimura, N. Togawa, H. Yamamoto, and Y. Matsuura, New Material for Permanent Magnets on a Base of Nd and Fe, J. Appl. Phys., 1984, 55, p 2083-2087.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. L.Z. Song, Y.A. Wang, W.Z. Lin, and Q. Liu, Primary Investigation of Corrosion Resistance of Ni-P/TiO2 Composite Film on Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnet, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, 202(21), p 5146-5150.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Y.W. Song, H. Zhang, H.X. Yang, and Z.L. Song, A Comparative Study on the Corrosion Behavior of NdFeB Magnets in Different Electrolyte Solutions, Mater. Corros., 2008, 59(10), p 794-801.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. D.F. Cygan and M.J. McNallan, Corrosion of NdFeB Permanent Magnets in Humid Environments at Temperatures up to 150 °C, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1995, 1(1-2), p 131-138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. G.W. Warren, G. Gao, and Q. Li, Corrosion of NdFeB Permanent Magnet Materials, J. Appl. Phys., 1991, 70(10), p 6609-6611.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Q.J. He and W. Li, 钕铁硼永磁材料防腐蚀研究进展(Progress in Research on Anticorrosion of NdFeB Permanent Magnet), Met. Funct. Mater., 2001, 8(5), p 8-13. ((in Chinese)).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Q.L. Yuan, J.J. Cao, and Z.J. Su, 烧结型NdFeB永磁体的防腐蚀研究进展(Progress in Research on Anticorrosion of Sintered Type Neodymium Iron Boron), Surf. Technol., 2008, 38(1), p 76-78. ((in Chinese)).

    Google Scholar 

  9. W.Q. Liu, M. Yue, J.X. Zhang, and G.P. Wang, 烧结NdFeB永磁合金本征腐蚀特性研究进展(Intrinsic Corrosion Characteristic of Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnets), Powder Metall. Technol., 2006, 24(3), p 195-198. ((in Chinese)).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Z. Chen, J.Z. Alicen, X.F. Yi, and F. Chen, Multi-Layered Electroless Ni-P Coatings on Power-Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnet, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2006, 302(1), p 216-222.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. E. Chen, K. Peng, W.L. Yang, J.J. Zhu, D.Y. Li, and L.P. Zhou, Effects of Al Coating on Corrosion Resistance of Sintered NdFeB Magnet, Trans. Nonferr. Met. Soc. China, 2014, 24(9), p 2864-2869.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. W.C. Lang, B. Gao, W. Chen, and B.Z. Wu, 高性能工具镀层及其制备技术概括与进展 Overview and Progress of High Performance Tool Coating and Its Preparation Technology, J. Wenzhou Voca. Technol. Colg., 2015, 15(1), p 50-54, 58 (in Chinese).

  13. T.T. Xie, S.D. Mao, C. Yu, S.J. Wang, and Z.L. Song, Structure, Corrosion and Hardness Properties of Ti/Al Multilayers Coated on NdFeB by Magnetron Sputtering, Vacuum, 2012, 86(10), p 1583-1588.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. J.L. Li, S.D. Mao, K.F. Sun, X.M. Li, and Z.L. Song, AlN/Al Dual Protective Coatings on NdFeB by DC Magnetron Sputtering, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2009, 321(22), p 3799-3803.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. S.D. Mao, H.X. Yang, J.L. Li, F. Huang, and Z.L. Song, Corrosion Properties of Aluminium Coatings Deposited on Sintered NdFeB by Ion-Beam-Assisted Deposition, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, 257(13), p 5581-5585.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. W.Y. Li, X.P. Guo, C. Verdy, L. Dembinski, H.L. Liao, and C. Coddet, Improvement of Microstructure and Property of Cold-Sprayed Cu-4at.%Cr-2at.%Nb Alloy by Heat Treatment, Scr. Mater., 2006, 55(4), p 327-330.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. B. Dikici, H. Yilmazer, I. Ozdemir, and M. Isik, The Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on Microstructure of 316L Cold-Sprayed Coatings and Their Corrosion Performance, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2016, 25(4), p 704-714.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. B. Dikici and M. Topuz, Production of Annealed Cold-Sprayed 316L Stainless Steel Coatings for Biomedical Applications and Their in-vitro Corrosion Response, Prot. Met. Phys. Chem. Surf., 2018, 54(2), p 333-339.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. A.P. Alkhimov, V.F. Kosarev, and A.N. Papyrin, Gas-Dynamic Spraying, an Experimental Study of the Spraying Process, J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., 1998, 39(2), p 318-323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. V.K. Champagne, D.J. Helfritch, and P.F. Leyman, Magnesium Repair by Cold Spray, Plat. Surf. Finish., 2008, 95(9), p 19-28.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Y.S. Tao, T.Y. Xiong, C. Sun, H. Jin, H. Du, and T.F. Li, Effect of α-Al2O3 on the Properties of Cold Sprayed Al/α-Al2O3 Composite Coatings on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy, Appl. Surf. Sci, 2009, 256(1), p 261-266.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Kuroda, J. Kawakita, and M. Takemoto, An 18-Year Exposure Test of Thermal-Sprayed Zn, Al and Zn-Al Coatings in Marine Environment, Corrosion, 2006, 62(7), p 635-647.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. T.C. Chen, C.C. Chou, T.Y. Yung, K.C. Tsai, and J.Y. Huang, Wear Behavior of Thermally Sprayed Zn/15Al, Al and Inconel 625 Coatings on Carbon Steel, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2016, 303(Part A), p 78-85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Y.X. Liu and J.X. Wen, 绿色缓蚀剂对金属铝的缓蚀性能研究进展(Research Progress of Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminum), Guangzhou Chem. Ind., 2019, 47(12), p 27-28. ((in Chinese)).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Z.L. Song, 钕铁硼永磁材料腐蚀和防护研究进展(Research Progress on Corrosion and Protection of NdFeB Permanent Magnetic Materials), 8, p 118-128 (in Chinese).

  26. S.Z. Song and Z.L. Tang, An Electrochemical Impedance Analysis on Al in 3.5% NaCl Solution, J. Chin. Soc. Corros. Prot, 1996, 16(2), p 127-132.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. C.C. Ma, X.F. Liu, and C.G. Zhou, Cold-Sprayed Al Coating for Corrosion Protection of Sintered NdFeB, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2013, 23(3), p 456-462.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Yue, J.X. Zhang, W.Q. Liu, and G.P. Wang, Corrosion Kinetics of Spark Plasma Sintering Nd-Fe-B Magnets in Different Electrolytes, IEEE Tran. Magn., 2005, 41(10), p 3892-3894.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Y.S. Huang, X.T. Zeng, X.F. Hu, and F.M. Liu, Corrosion Resistance Properties of Electroless Nickel Composite Coatings, Electrochim. Acta, 2004, 49(25), p 4313-4319.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. E. Barsoulkov and J.R. Macdonald, Impedance Spectroscopy Theory, Experiment, and Application, 2nd ed. Wiley, Hoboken, 2005.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  31. J.B. Bessone, D.R. Salinas, C.E. Mayer, M. Ebert, and W.J. Lorenz, An EIS Study of Aluminium Barrier-Type Oxide Films Formed in Different Media, Electrochim. Acta, 1992, 37(12), p 2283-2290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. J.F. Zhang, W. Zhang, C.W. Yan, K.Q. Du, and F.H. Wang, Corrosion Behaviors of Zn-Al-Mn Alloy Composite Coatings Deposited on Magnesium Alloy AZ31B (Mg-Al-Zn), Electrochim. Acta, 2009, 55(2), p 560-571.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. H. Zhang, Y.L. Zhao, and Z.D. Jiang, Effects of Temperature on the Corrosion Behavior of 13Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel During Exposure to CO2 and Cl− Environment, Mater. Lett., 2005, 59(27), p 3370-3374.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J.H. Xu, 盐雾试验及盐雾试验箱应用技术基础(Salt Spray Test and Salt Spray Test Chamber Application Technology Foundation), National Defence Industry Press, 1993, p 27-40 (in Chinese).

  35. Y.L. Lu and M.X. Cao, 中性盐雾试验影响因素探讨(Discussion on the Influence Factor of Neutral Salt Spray Test), Meishan Technol., 2012, 1(1), p 56-58. ((in Chinese)).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52062040, 51865044, 52062041), Science and Technology Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2018-810, 2019-1356). The authors are grateful to Dr. Xueping Zhao, Dr. Xiaohu Hou and Dr. Fei Liu from the analysis and test center of Inner Mongolia University of technology for their testing help.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Coatings, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, China

    Yuanming Gao, Yu Bai, Hao Zhu, Weicheng Liang, Qi Liu, Ruiling Jia & Wen Ma

  2. School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, China

    Hongying Dong

Authors
  1. Yuanming Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yu Bai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hao Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Weicheng Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Qi Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hongying Dong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ruiling Jia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Wen Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yu Bai or Wen Ma.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gao, Y., Bai, Y., Zhu, H. et al. Corrosion Resistance, Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Cold-Sprayed Al Coating on Sintered NdFeB Magnet. J Therm Spray Tech 30, 2117–2127 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-021-01266-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-021-01266-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation