Abstract
In thermal spray, grit blasting is the standard method used to prepare the substrate surface before coating deposition. This study examines the effect of the grit blasting parameters on the residual stresses, roughness and hardness of three metal alloys with widely different mechanical properties: low-carbon steel, Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718. It also estimates the density of dislocations using the Williamson–Hall method. The dislocation structures of low-carbon steel grit blasted at different grit impingement angles were observed under a transmission electron microscope. The surface dislocation density was found to increase with the blasting time and angle of impact. Moreover, the depth profile of the dislocation density was in good agreement with that of the hardness profile of the blasted specimen. The residual stress depth profiles of each material at different blasting pressure showed an increase in the value and depth of maximum compressive residual stresses. Both surface residual stresses and roughness were found to increase with the grit blasting pressure, angle and, to some extent, with time and stand-off distance. The mechanisms of material erosion were found to be microcutting and indentation at lower and higher angles of abrasive impingement, respectively. The extent of damage of the materials was explained on the basis of the Johnson–Cook flow strength model.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Kar, S. Paul, and P.P. Bandyopadhyay, Processing and Characterisation of Plasma Sprayed Oxides: Microstructure, Phases and Residual Stress, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2016, 304, p 364-374
S.C. Jambagi and P.P. Bandyopadhyay, Plasma Sprayed Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Splats and Coatings, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2017, 37(5), p 2235-2244
S. Datta, D.K. Pratihar, and P.P. Bandyopadhyay, Modeling of Plasma Spray Coating Process using Statistical Regression Analysis, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2013, 65(5–8), p 967-980
K.P. Chander, M. Vashista, K. Sabiruddin, S. Paul, and P.P. Bandyopadhyay, Effects of Grit Blasting on Surface Properties of Steel Substrates, Mater. Des., 2009, 30(8), p 2895-2902
C. Fang and T.H. Chuang, Surface Morphologies and Erosion Rates of Metallic Building Materials after Sandblasting, Wear, 1999, 230(2), p 156-164
B. Arifvianto, S.K.A. Wibisono, and M. Mahardika, Influence of Grit Blasting Treatment using Steel Slag Balls on the Subsurface Microhardness, Surface Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Medical Grade 316L Stainless Steel, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2012, 210, p 176-182
M. Lieblich, S. Barriuso, J. Ibanez, L. Ruiz-de-lara, M. Diaz, J.L. Ocana, A. Alberdi, and J.L. Gonzalez-Carrasco, On the Fatigue Behavior of Medical Ti6Al4V Roughened by Grit Blasting and Abrasiveless Waterjet Peening, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2016, 63(8), p 390-398
D. Cattoni, C. Ferrari, L. Lebedev, L. Pazos, and H. Svoboda, Effect of Blasting on the Fatigue Life of Ti-6Al-7Nb and Stainless Steel AISI, 316 LVM, Procedia Mater. Sci., 2012, 1, p 461-468
K. Tosha, and K. Iida, Residual Stress on the Grit Blasted Surfaces, Met. Behav. Surf. Eng., 1989, November, pp. 323–328.
D. Sen, N.M. Chavan, D.S. Rao, and G. Sundararajan, Influence of Grit Blasting on the Roughness and the Bond Strength of Detonation Sprayed Coating, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2010, 19(4), p 805-815
M.F. Bahbou, P. Nylen, and J. Wigren, Effect of Grit Blasting and Spraying Angle on the Adhesion Strength of a Plasma-Sprayed Coating, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2004, 13(4), p 508-514
D.J. Varacalle, Jr., D.P. Guillen, D.M. Deason, W. Rhodaberger, and E. Sampson, Effect of Grit-Blasting on Substrate Roughness and Coating Adhesion, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(3), p 348-355
J. Wigren, Technical Note: Grit Blasting as Surface Preparation Before Plasma Spraying, Surf. Coatings Technol., 1988, 34(1), p 101-108
J.M. Guilemany, N. Llorca-Isern, and P.J. Szabo, Residual Stress Characterisation of Grit Blasted Surfaces, Surf. Eng., 1996, 12(1), p 77-79
M. Mellali, A. Grimaud, A.C. Leger, P. Fauchais, and J. Lu, Alumina Grit Blasting Parameters for Surface Preparation in the Plasma Spraying Operation, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1997, 6(2), p 217-227
K. Bobzin, M. Ote, T.F. Linke, J. Sommer, and X. Liao, Influence of Process Parameter on Grit Blasting as a Pretreatment Process for Thermal Spraying, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2016, 25, p 3-11
H. Begg, M. Riley, and H. de Villiers Lovelock, Mechanization of the Grit Blasting process for Thermal Spray Coating Applications: A Parametric Study, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2016, 25(1-2), pp. 12-20.
P. Fu, C. Jiang, X. Wu, and Z. Zhang, Surface Modification of 304 Steel using Triple-Step Shot Peening, Mater. Manuf. Process., 2015, 30(6), p 693-698
L.H. Wu and C.H. Jiang, Effect of Shot Peening on Residual Stress and Microstructure in the Deformed Layer of Lnconel 625, Mater. Trans., 2017, 58(2), p 164-166
E. Nordin and B. Alfredsson, Experimental Investigation of Shot Peening on Case Hardened SS2506 Gear Steel, Exp. Tech., 2017, 41(4), p 433-451
A. Hasçalık and U. Çaydaş, Electrical Discharge Machining of Titanium Alloy (Ti - 6Al - 4V), Appl. Surf. Sci., 2007, 253(22), p 9007-9016
A. Thomas, M. El-wahabi, J.M. Cabrera, and J.M. Prado, High Temperature Deformation of Inconel 718, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2006, 177(1–3), p 469-472
S. Amada, T. Hirose, and T. Senda, Quantitative Evaluation of Residual Grits under Angled Blasting, Surf. Coatings Technol., 1999, 111(1), p 1-9
T. Maruyama, K. Akagi, and T. Kobayashi, Effect of Blasting Parameters on Removability of Residual Grit, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(4), p 817-821
A.K. Zak, W.H.A. Majid, M.E. Abrishami, and R. Youse, X-ray Analysis of ZnO Nanoparticles by Williamson-Hall and Size-Strain Plot Methods, Solid State Sci., 2011, 13(1), p 251-256
T. Shintani and Y. Murata, Evaluation of the Dislocation Density and Dislocation Character in Cold Rolled Type 304 Steel Determined by Profile Analysis of X-ray Diffraction, Acta Mater., 2011, 59(11), p 4314-4322
E.A. Trofimov, R.Y. Lutfullin, and R.M. Kashaev, Elastic Properties of the Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V, Letters on Materials, 2015, 5(1), p 67-69
M.G. Moore and W.P. Evans, Mathematical Correction for Stress in Removed Layers in X-ray Diffraction in Residual Stress Analysis, SAE Trans., 1958, 66, p 340-345
E. Lee, Machining Characteristics of the Electropolishing of Stainless Steel (STS316L), International J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2000, 16, p 591-599
L. Yang, Y. Wu, A. Lassell, and B. Zhou, Electropolishing of Ti6Al4V Parts Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting, Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium- An Additive Manufacturing Conference, 2016, pp. 1333–1344.
M. Bauccio, ASM Metals Reference, in ASM international, 1993.
F. Khodabakhshi and M. Kazeminezhad, The Effect of Constrained Groove Pressing on Grain Size, Dislocation Density and Electrical Resistivity of Low Carbon Steel, Mater. Des., 2011, 32(6), p 3280-3286
S.M. Hassani-Gangaraj, A. Moridi, and M. Guagliano, From Conventional to Severe Shot Peening to Generate Nanostructured Surface Layer: A numerical study, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2014, 63(1), p 1-9
S. Takaki, Limit of Dislocation Density and Ultra-Grain-Refining on Severe Deformation in Iron, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2003, 426–432, p 215-222
J. Sun and Y.B. Guo, Material Flow Stress and Failure in Multiscale Machining Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2009, 41(7–8), p 651-659
W. Grzesik, P. Niesłony, and P. Laskowski, Determination of Material Constitutive Laws for Inconel 718 Superalloy Under Different Strain Rates and Working Temperatures, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2017, 26(12), p 5705-5714
A.V. Levy, The Platelet Mechanism of Erosion of Ductile Metals, Wear, 1986, 108(1), p 1-21
K. Vedantam, D. Bajaj, S. Brar, and S. Hill, Johnson-Cook Strength Models for Mild and DP 590 Steels, AIP Conf. Proc., 2006, 845(1), p 775-778
S.A. Meguid, G. Shagal, and J.C. Stranart, Finite Element Modelling of Shot-Peening Residual Stresses, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1999, 92–93, p 401-404
A. Ninham, The Effect of Mechanical Properties on Erosion, Wear, 1988, 121(3), p 307-324
V.B. Nguyen, Q.B. Nguyen, C.Y.H. Lim, Y.W. Zhang, and B.C. Khoo, Effect of air-borne particle–particle interaction on materials erosion, Wear, 2015, 322–323, p 17-31
R. Balasubramaniam, J. Krishnan, and N. Ramakrishnan, An experimental study on the abrasive jet deburring of cross-drilled holes, J. Mat. Proc. Tech., 1999, 91(1–3), p 178-182
M. Multigner, S. Ferreira-Barragans, E. Frutos, M. Jaafar, J. Ibanez, P. Marin, M.T. Perez-Prado, G. Gonzalez-Doncel, A. Asenjo, and J.L. Gonzalez-Carrasco, Superficial Severe Plastic Deformation of 316 LVM Stainless Steel Through Grit Blasting: Effects on Its Microstructure and Subsurface Mechanical Properties, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2010, 205(7), p 1830-1837
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghara, T., Paul, S. & Bandyopadhyay, P.P. Effect of Grit Blasting Parameters on Surface and Near-Surface Properties of Different Metal Alloys. J Therm Spray Tech 30, 251–269 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-020-01127-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-020-01127-1